ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2015
Inoculation stress hypothesis of environmental enrichment.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Environmental Enrichment in Cancer as a Possible Tool to Combat Tumor Development: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Cytokines and Immune Cells Profile in Different Tissues of Rodents Induced by Environmental Enrichment: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal road traffic noise impairs early testicular development in Sprague-Dawley offspring: pharmacological rescue by melatonin and edaravone; developmental preservation by environmental enrichment.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Environmental enrichment as an intervention to prevent behavioral and neurobiological consequences of maternal separation in rodents: a scope review.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Early life stress exposure alters brain vasculature transcriptomic profiles in areas regulating stress resilience.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Virtual reality environmental enrichment effects on heart rate variability in healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Neural Mechanisms of Social Homeostasis: Dynamic Range Plasticity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Environmental Enrichment Exposure Alleviates Geriatric Depressive-Like Symptoms through Regulating Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Moving beyond animal models: enriched environments and human substance use disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Mouse Testing Methods in Psychoneuroimmunology: Measuring Behavioral Responses.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Environmental enrichment reverses prenatal ethanol exposure-induced attention-deficits in rats.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Restricted Daily Exposure of Environmental Enrichment: Bridging the Practical Gap from Animal Studies to Human Application.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Developmental functions of microglia: Impact of psychosocial and physiological early life stress.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Sex difference in the effect of environmental enrichment on food restriction-induced persistence of cocaine conditioned place preference and mechanistic underpinnings.Addiction neuroscience · 2024Article
- Molecular neurobiology of loss: a role for basolateral amygdala extracellular matrix.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Responses to Reduced Feeding Frequency in Captive-Born Cheetahs (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Unique Characteristics of Women and Infants Moderate the Association between Depression and Mother-Infant Interaction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The influence of long-term housing in enriched environment on behavior of normal rats and subjected to neonatal pro-inflammatory challenge.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
One hallmark of psychiatric conditions is the vast continuum of individual differences in susceptibility vs. resilience resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The environmental enrichment paradigm is an animal model that is useful for studying a range of psychiatric conditions, including protective phenotypes in addiction and depression models. The major question is how environmental enrichment, a non-drug and non-surgical manipulation, can produce such robust individual differences in such a wide range of behaviors. This paper draws from a variety of published sources to outline a coherent hypothesis of inoculation stress as a factor producing the protective enrichment phenotypes. The basic tenet suggests that chronic mild stress from living in a complex environment and interacting non-aggressively with conspecifics can inoculate enriched rats against subsequent stressors and/or drugs of abuse. This paper reviews the enrichment phenotypes, mulls the fundamental nature of environmental enrichment vs. isolation, discusses the most appropriate control for environmental enrichment, and challenges the idea that cortisol/corticosterone equals stress. The intent of the inoculation stress hypothesis of environmental enrichment is to provide a scaffold with which to build testable hypotheses for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these protective phenotypes and thus provide new therapeutic targets to treat psychiatric/neurological conditions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.