ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2015
Epidemiology, risk factors and management of cardiovascular diseases in IBD.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased risk of stroke among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Wearable Health Devices in Health Care: Narrative Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Pooled it
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Pooled it
- Antioxidative Efficacy of aNutrients · 2018Trial
- Metabolite 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, modulated by cigarette smoke exposure, functions as a protective factor in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- ABTB1, as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, suppresses Th17 cell differentiation and mitigates autoimmune inflammation by promoting STAT3 ubiquitination and degradation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Arterial Thrombosis in Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Based Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Upadacitinib in refractory ulcerative colitis patients with high thromboembolic risk: two case reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Women From Puberty to Menopause.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Association between autoimmune disease and colorectal cancer: a retrospective case-control study of 120 876 patients.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Article
- From Gut Inflammation to Cardiovascular Conflagration: Mapping IBD's Cardiometabolic Risks.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Cardiometabolic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: An evidence-based review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Tailored Assessment and Clinical Implications.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Causal relationship between atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Thrombosis journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Residual Traditional Risk in Non-Traditional Atherosclerotic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular events observed among patients in the etrasimod clinical programme: an integrated safety analysis of patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Platelet activation through CD62P and the formation of platelet-monocyte complexes are associated with the exacerbation of mucosal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Lipid Profile, C-Reactive Protein and Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Dogs with Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Healthy Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IBD is an established risk factor for venous thromboembolism. In the past few years, studies have suggested that patients with IBD might also be at an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. The increased risk is thought to be similar to the level of risk seen in patients with other chronic systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The risk of developing these conditions is particularly increased in young adults with IBD, and more so in women than in men. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors are not over-represented in patients with IBD, so the increased risk could be attributable to inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis. Patients with IBD often have premature atherosclerosis and have biochemical and genetic markers similar to those seen in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The role of chronic inflammation in IBD-associated cardiovascular disease merits further evaluation. Particular attention should be given to the increased risk observed during periods of increased disease activity and potential modification of the risk by immunosuppressive and biologic therapies for IBD that can modify the disease activity. In addition, preclinical studies suggest that cardiovascular medications such as statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors might also favourably modify IBD disease activity, which warrants further evaluation.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.