Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25446321›Full record

ArticleExperimental eye research2014

Transcriptomic analysis across nasal, temporal, and macular regions of human neural retina and RPE/choroid by RNA-Seq.

S Scott Whitmore, Alex H Wagner, Adam P DeLuca, Arlene V Drack, Edwin M Stone, Budd A Tucker, Shemin Zeng, Terry A Braun, Robert F Mullins, Todd E Scheetz

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental eye research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 120 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Molecular underpinnings of induced degenerative heterogeneity in the retinal pigment epithelium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  8. Ocular Tissue-Specific Amino Acid Metabolism in Gyrate Atrophy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
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  20. Transcriptomic analysis of the ocular posterior segment completes a cell atlas of the human eye.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

S Scott WhitmoreStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: steven-whitmore@uiowa.edu.
Alex H WagnerStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: alex-wagner@uiowa.edu.
Adam P DeLucaStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: adam-deluca@uiowa.edu.
Arlene V DrackStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: arlene-drack@uiowa.edu.
Edwin M StoneStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: edwin-stone@uiowa.edu.
Budd A TuckerStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: budd-tucker@uiowa.edu.
Shemin ZengStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: shemin-zeng@uiowa.edu.
Terry A BraunStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: terry-braun@uiowa.edu.
Robert F MullinsStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: robert-mullins@uiowa.edu.
Todd E ScheetzStephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: todd-scheetz@uiowa.edu.
University of Iowa · US

Funding

Choriocapillaris Protection and Replacement in AMDR01EY024605 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Robert Foster Mullins, Budd A Tucker · 2014 to 2026
$4.6M
PREDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN GENETICST32GM008629 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI EBERL, DANIEL F · 1997 to 2021
$4.1M
Molecular Genetics of Age Related Macular DegenerationR01EY016822 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI STONE, EDWIN M · 2005 to 2013
$4.0M
Development of a cell replacement therapy to treat retinal degenerative blindnessDP2OD007483 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI TUCKER, BUDD A · 2010 to 2010
$2.3M
Genetic Determinants of Optic Nerve Head StructureR01EY023187 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI SCHEETZ, TODD E · 2013 to 2015
$1.1M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNEI NIH HHS EY016822NEI NIH HHS EY023187NEI NIH HHS EY024605NEI NIH HHS R01 EY016822NEI NIH HHS R01 EY023187NEI NIH HHS R01 EY024605NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008629NIH HHS DP2 OD007483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proper spatial differentiation of retinal cell types is necessary for normal human vision. Many retinal diseases, such as Best disease and male germ cell associated kinase (MAK)-associated retinitis pigmentosa, preferentially affect distinct topographic regions of the retina. While much is known about the distribution of cell types in the retina, the distribution of molecular components across the posterior pole of the eye has not been well-studied. To investigate regional difference in molecular composition of ocular tissues, we assessed differential gene expression across the temporal, macular, and nasal retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid of human eyes using RNA-Seq. RNA from temporal, macular, and nasal retina and RPE/choroid from four human donor eyes was extracted, poly-A selected, fragmented, and sequenced as 100 bp read pairs. Digital read files were mapped to the human genome and analyzed for differential expression using the Tuxedo software suite. Retina and RPE/choroid samples were clearly distinguishable at the transcriptome level. Numerous transcription factors were differentially expressed between regions of the retina and RPE/choroid. Photoreceptor-specific genes were enriched in the peripheral samples, while ganglion cell and amacrine cell genes were enriched in the macula. Within the RPE/choroid, RPE-specific genes were upregulated at the periphery while endothelium associated genes were upregulated in the macula. Consistent with previous studies, BEST1 expression was lower in macular than extramacular regions. The MAK gene was expressed at lower levels in macula than in extramacular regions, but did not exhibit a significant difference between nasal and temporal retina. The regional molecular distinction is greatest between macula and periphery and decreases between different peripheral regions within a tissue. Datasets such as these can be used to prioritize candidate genes for possible involvement in retinal diseases with regional phenotypes.

Indexed as

Gene Expression ProfilingAgedAged, 80 and overChoroidFemaleHumansMacula LuteaMalePigment Epithelium of EyeRetinal DiseasesRNA, MessengerRNA, MessengerChoroidGene expressionMacular degenerationRetinaRetinitis pigmentosaRNA-SeqRPETranscriptome

Identifiers

PMID25446321
PMCPMC4259842
OpenAlexW2010837054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.