ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2014
The role of combination therapy in managing pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drugs targeting the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway in the treatment of patients with COPD-associated pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Combination Therapy of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor on Clinical Outcome and Pulmonary Haemodynamics in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Pooled it
- Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment of Two Fixed-Dose Combination Formulations of Telmisartan-Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets in Chinese Healthy Subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Selexipag treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease after defect correction: insights from the randomised controlled GRIPHON study.European journal of heart failure · 2019Trial
- In vitro and in vivo characterization of wild type BMP9 and a non-osteogenic variant in models of pulmonary arterial hypertension.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Safety and tolerability of combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children: Real-world experience.Pediatric pulmonology · 2022Observational
- Real-World Analysis of Treatment Patterns Among Hospitalized Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Pulmonary therapy · 2021Article
- Article
- The expanding role of implantable devices to monitor heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2018Review
- Treatment Patterns and Associated Health Care Costs Before and After Treatment Initiation Among Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients in the United States.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2018Article
- EP4 Agonist L-902,688 Suppresses EndMT and Attenuates Right Ventricular Cardiac Fibrosis in Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what can be done?European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2017Review
- Nitric oxide and pulmonary arterial hypertension.Global cardiology science & practice · 2017Review
- Cocktail of Superoxide Dismutase and Fasudil Encapsulated in Targeted Liposomes Slows PAH Progression at a Reduced Dosing Frequency.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2017Article
- Procedural safety of a fully implantable intravenous prostanoid pump for pulmonary hypertension.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2017Observational
- An observational study of inhaled-treprostinil respiratory-related safety in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2016Article
- A New NO-Releasing Nanoformulation for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2016Article
- Recent advances in targeting the prostacyclin pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex, progressive disease with several pathobiological mechanisms, including the endothelin, nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways. Current treatments for PAH target one of these pathways and, in more severe cases or instances of disease worsening, may be combined with a view to target multiple pathways in parallel. Treatment combination is performed sequentially (as an intensification from initial monotherapy) or upfront (use of two or more therapies in treatment-naïve patients). Whilst combination therapy has been historically considered to be an option for the treatment of PAH, supporting evidence was typically limited to expert opinion, clinical experience and registry data. Data from randomised controlled trials on sequential combination therapy in particular has grown in recent years, resulting in a change in the level of recommendations in the latest update to the PAH treatment algorithm. However, short-term trials have shown inconsistent results, and have not been powered to assess morbidity/mortality outcomes. More recent data from long-term trials suggest a potential clinical benefit associated with sequential combination therapy. In this review we will introduce the concept of combination therapy, consider the latest evidence for both sequential and upfront combination therapy, and discuss additional considerations when initiating combination therapy in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.