ReviewVirus research2015
Host cell proteases: Critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis.
Review in Virus research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 561 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
561 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 956 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management toward COVID-19 patients with Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.Primary care diabetes · 2021Pooled it
- C-reactive protein as an effector molecule in Covid-19 pathogenesis.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Convergent receptor use at the coronavirus One Health interface.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- A divergent betacoronavirus with a functional furin cleavage site in South American bats.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of Conserved B-Cell Epitope Candidates Associated with Neutralizing Activity of Bovine Coronavirus Spike Protein.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Disruption of the S1/S2 multibasic cleavage site attenuates infectious bronchitis virus, while S2' partially restores viral virulence and expands tissue tropism.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Cross-Species Transmission and Recombination Between Feline and Canine Coronaviruses in Jiangsu-Zhejiang Region in 2025.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Addressing the zoonotic threat of merbecoviruses.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- OC43 clinical isolate spike proteins have distinct carbohydrate-binding properties.Nature communications · 2026Article
- TMPRSS2-mediated coronavirus spike activation and inhibition.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Cetacean coronavirus spikes highlight S glycoprotein structural plasticity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spike on a membrane reveals the allosteric effects of furin cleavage and the D614G mutation.Science advances · 2026Article
- AI-guided prefusion stabilization of the human coronavirus OC43 spike protein enables universal embecovirus antigen design.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A Double-Edged Sword: Extracellular Serine Proteases as Facilitators of Infection and Mediators of Immunity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Viral receptors as host-pathogen control nodes linking entry, signalling, and system-level pathogenesis.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Serine protease-driven entry and S2 ' cleavage flexibility of feline coronavirus during feline enterocyte infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology and genomic analysis of bulbul coronavirus in Guangdong, China.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
501 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a large group of enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of avian and mammalian species, including humans. The emergence of deadly human coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have bolstered research in these viral and often zoonotic pathogens. While coronavirus cell and tissue tropism, host range, and pathogenesis are initially controlled by interactions between the spike envelope glycoprotein and host cell receptor, it is becoming increasingly apparent that proteolytic activation of spike by host cell proteases also plays a critical role. Coronavirus spike proteins are the main determinant of entry as they possess both receptor binding and fusion functions. Whereas binding to the host cell receptor is an essential first step in establishing infection, the proteolytic activation step is often critical for the fusion function of spike, as it allows for controlled release of the fusion peptide into target cellular membranes. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple strategies for proteolytic activation of spike, and a large number of host proteases have been shown to proteolytically process the spike protein. These include, but are not limited to, endosomal cathepsins, cell surface transmembrane protease/serine (TMPRSS) proteases, furin, and trypsin. This review focuses on the diversity of strategies coronaviruses have evolved to proteolytically activate their fusion protein during spike protein biosynthesis and the critical entry step of their life cycle, and highlights important findings on how proteolytic activation of coronavirus spike influences tissue and cell tropism, host range and pathogenicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.