Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25444771›Full record

ArticleBehavioural processes2015

Mechanisms of impulsive choice: II. Time-based interventions to improve self-control.

Aaron P Smith, Andrew T Marshall, Kimberly Kirkpatrick

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioural processes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Using sign tracking to experimentally increase self-control in rats.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024
    Article
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  8. Review
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  16. Reducing impulsive choice: VI. Delay-exposure training reduces aversion to delay-signaling stimuli.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Cognitive and behavioral training interventions to promote self-control.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2019
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Aaron P SmithDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, 1100 Mid-Campus, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States.
Andrew T MarshallDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, 1100 Mid-Campus, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States.
Kimberly KirkpatrickDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, 1100 Mid-Campus, Manhattan, KS 66506-5302, United States. Electronic address: kirkpatr@ksu.edu.

Funding

Timing, Reward Processing and choiceR01MH085739 · NIMH · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, TRAVIS R · 2010 to 2025
$4.7M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085739NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH085739
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Impulsive choice behavior has been proposed as a primary risk factor for other maladaptive behaviors (e.g., gambling, substance abuse). Recent research has suggested that timing processes may play a key role in impulsive choice behavior, and could provide an avenue for altering impulsive choice. Accordingly, the current experiments assessed a set of time-based behavioral interventions to increase self-control while simultaneously assessing effects on timing processes within the impulsive choice task. Three experiments assessed temporal interventions using a differential reinforcement of low rates task (Experiment 1) and exposure to either a variable or fixed interval schedule (Experiments 2-3). The efficacy of the interventions was assessed in Sprague-Dawley (Experiments 1-2) and Lewis (Experiment 3) rat strains. Impulsive choice behavior was assessed by measuring preferences of a smaller-sooner (SS) versus a larger-later (LL) reward, while timing of the SS and LL durations was measured during peak trials within the impulsive choice procedure. The rats showed an increased preference for the LL following all three time-based interventions and also displayed increased temporal precision. These results add to the increasing evidence that supports a possible role for temporal processing in impulsive choice behavior and supply novel behavioral interventions to decrease impulsive behavior.

Indexed as

Choice BehaviorImpulsive BehaviorSelf-ControlAnimalsConditioning, OperantMaleRatsReinforcement, PsychologyReinforcement ScheduleRisk FactorsTime FactorsChoiceDelay discountingImpulsivityRatSelf-controlTiming

Identifiers

PMID25444771
PMCPMC4314470

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.