ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2015
PDE5 inhibitors as therapeutics for heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vascular function: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized-controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Associated Targets of the Antioxidant Cardioprotection ofBioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Cilostazol treatment for preventing adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis: Long-term follow-up of the ESCAPE study.Journal of diabetes · 2022Trial
- The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil decreases the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 in diabetic cardiomyopathy: in vivo and in vitro evidence.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Leucine and Sildenafil Combination Therapy Reduces Body Weight and Metformin Enhances the Effect at Low Dose: A Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of therapeuticsTrial
- MMP2Mol: a matched molecular pairs-based framework for ligand-based de novo drug design.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Article
- The NO Pathway as a Target in Patients with Stable and Advanced Heart Failure: An Additional Arrow in Our Quiver!Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Ovarian cancer and the heart: pathophysiology, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and new therapeutic strategies.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Review
- Potential beneficial impacts of tadalafil on cardiovascular diseases.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Review
- Rational Design and Optimization of Novel PDE5 Inhibitors for Targeted Colorectal Cancer Therapy: An In Silico Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Phosphodiesterase 5 and its inhibitors with ischaemic heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis and a real-world study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2025Article
- Repurposing of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil as a therapeutic agent to prevent gastric cancer growth through suppressing c-MYC stability for IL-6 transcription.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Avanafil Mitigates Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via NLRP3 Pathway Modulation in Rats.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Identifying Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors with Drug Repurposing Approach: Implications in Vasodysfunctional Disorders.ChemistryOpen · 2024Article
- The potential therapeutic effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Novel drug therapy of acute hepatic failure induced in rats by a combination of tadalafil and Lepidium sativum.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Sex-specific differences in risk factors, comorbidities, diagnostic challenges, optimal management, and prognostic outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A comprehensive literature review.Heart failure reviews · 2024Review
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, including sildenafil (Viagra™), vardenafil (Levitra™), and tadalafil (Cialis™) have been developed for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Moreover, sildenafil and tadalafil are used for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients. Since our first report showing the cardioprotective effect of sildenafil in 2002, there has been tremendous growth of preclinical and clinical studies on the use of PDE5 inhibitors for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that PDE5 inhibitors have powerful protective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the improvement of stem cell efficacy for myocardial repair. Mechanistically, PDE5 inhibitors protect the heart against I/R injury through increased expression of nitric oxide synthases, activation of protein kinase G (PKG), PKG-dependent hydrogen sulfide generation, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β - a master switch immediately proximal to mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the end effector of cardioprotection. In addition, PDE5 inhibitors enhance the sensitivity of certain types of cancer to standard chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin. Many clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors have focused on the potential cardiovascular and anti-cancer benefits. Despite mixed results of these clinical trials, there is a continuing strong interest by basic scientists and clinical investigators in exploring their new clinical uses. It is our hope that future new mechanistic investigations and carefully designed clinical trials would help in reaping additional benefits of PDE5 inhibitors for cardiovascular disease and cancer in patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.