Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25443902›Full record

ArticleUrology2014

Statin medications are associated with a lower probability of having an abnormal screening prostate-specific antigen result.

Ying Shi, Kathy Z Fung, Stephen J Freedland, Richard M Hoffman, Victoria L Tang, Louise C Walter

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Urology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. The Association of Prediagnostic Statin Use with Aggressive Prostate Cancer from the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ying ShiDivision of Geriatrics, San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA. Electronic address: Ying.Shi2@va.gov.
Kathy Z FungDivision of Geriatrics, San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA.
Stephen J FreedlandDurham VA Medical Center and Duke Prostate Center, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Richard M HoffmanNew Mexico VA Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
Victoria L TangDivision of Geriatrics, San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA.
Louise C WalterDivision of Geriatrics, San Francisco VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Funding

VARC CoreP30AG044281 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Alexander Keliimoeanu Smith · 2013 to 2026
$19.9M
Prostate-Specific Antigen Practices and Outcomes in the ElderlyR01CA134425 · NCI · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE/RES/EDU · PI WALTER, LOUISE C. · 2009 to 2013
$1.7M
Midcareer Mentoring Award for Patient-Oriented Research in AgingK24AG041180 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WALTER, LOUISE C. · 2011 to 2016
$909k
Midcareer Investigator AwardK24CA160653 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI FREEDLAND, STEPHEN JAY · 2012 to 2016
$877k
NCI NIH HHS K24 CA160653NCI NIH HHS K24CA160653NCI NIH HHS R01 CA134425NIA NIH HHS K24 AG041180NIA NIH HHS K24AG041180NIA NIH HHS P30 AG044281
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate how statin use is associated with the probability of having an abnormal screening prostate-specific antigen (PSA) result according to common PSA thresholds for biopsy (>2.5, >4.0, and >6.5 ng/mL).

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 323,426 men aged ≥65 years who had a screening PSA test in 2003 at a Veterans Affairs facility. The primary predictor was the use of statin medications at the time of index screening PSA test. The main outcome was the screening PSA value. Poisson regressions were performed to calculate adjusted relative risks for having an abnormal screening PSA result according to statin usage.

resultsPercentages of men with PSA results exceeding commonly used thresholds of >2.5, >4.0, and >6.5 ng/mL were 21.0%, 7.6%, and 1.6%, respectively. These percentages decreased with statin use, increasing statin dose, duration of statin use, and potency of the statin. For example, after adjusting for age, the percentage of men having a PSA level >4.0 ng/mL ranged from 8.2% in non-statin users to 6.2% in men prescribed with >40 mg of simvastatin dose. Adjusted relative risks of having a PSA level >4.0 ng/mL were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-0.93), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.91), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80-0.87), respectively for men on simvastatin dose of 5-20, >20-40, and >40 mg vs non-statin users.

conclusionStatin use is associated with a reduction in the probability that an older man will have an abnormal screening PSA result, regardless of the PSA threshold. This reduction is more pronounced with higher statin dose, longer statin duration, and higher statin potency.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overBiopsyCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesHospitals, VeteransHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMalePoisson DistributionProbabilityProstate-Specific AntigenProstatic NeoplasmsRiskSimvastatinTreatment OutcomeHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsProstate-Specific AntigenSimvastatin

Identifiers

PMID25443902
PMCPMC4254664

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.