Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25443136›Full record

ReviewGlobalization and health2014

The economic burden of diabetes in India: a review of the literature.

Charles A K Yesudian, Mari Grepstad, Erica Visintin, Alessandra Ferrario

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Globalization and health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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  13. Understanding the burden faced by families of children living with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: A multidimensional study on the financial, social, and psychosocial aspects.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2025
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1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Charles A K YesudianSchool of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India. yesudian@tiss.edu.
Mari GrepstadLSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK. m.l.lundeby-grepstad@lse.ac.uk.
Erica VisintinLSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK. e.visintin@lse.ac.uk.
Alessandra FerrarioLSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK. a.ferrario@lse.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise. This calls for an assessment of the economic burden of the disease.

objectiveTo conduct a critical review of the literature on cost of illness studies of diabetes and its complications in India.

methodsA comprehensive literature review addressing the study objective was conducted. An extraction table and a scoring system to assess the quality of the studies reviewed were developed.

resultsA total of nineteen articles from different regions of India met the study inclusion criteria. The third party payer perspective was the most common study design (17 articles) while fewer articles (n =2) reported on costs from a health system or societal perspective. All the articles included direct costs and only a few (n =4) provided estimates for indirect costs based on income loss for patients and carers. Drug costs proved to be a significant cost component in several studies (n =12). While middle and high-income groups had higher expenditure in absolute terms, costs constituted a higher proportion of income for the poor. The economic burden was highest among urban groups. The overall quality of the studies is low due to a number of methodological weaknesses. The most frequent epidemiological approach employed was the prevalence-based one (n =18) while costs were mainly estimated using a bottom up approach (n =15).

conclusionThe body of literature on the costs of diabetes and its complications in India provides a fragmented picture that has mostly concentrated on the direct costs borne by individuals rather than the healthcare system. There is a need to develop a robust methodology to perform methodologically rigorous and transparent cost of illness studies to inform policy decisions.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health ExpendituresHumansIndiaPrevalenceSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID25443136
PMCPMC4279984

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.