ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2015
Preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with pregestational diabetes in the United States.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metformin Versus Standard of Care Treatment in Pregnant Women With Prediabetes: A Randomized Trial
Open the trial in the graphIntravenous Insulin Versus Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Intrapartum Management of Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Trial
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- What do we mean by preconception health and preconception care in research and policy? A systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2026Pooled it
- Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pre-pregnancy care for women with diabetes for improving maternal and perinatal outcomes.PloS one · 2020 · on this mapPooled it
- Preconception care for diabetic women for improving maternal and infant health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Original Findings and Updated Meta-Analysis for the Association Between Maternal Diabetes and Risk for Congenital Heart Disease Phenotypes.American journal of epidemiology · 2017Pooled it
- First-trimester preexisting diabetes screening in Medicaid beneficiaries.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Impact of Prepregnancy Maternal Fasting Glucose Levels on Pregnancy and Neonatal Morbidity in Women With Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Impact of mental health distress on preconception health.Intelligent hospital · 2025Article
- Association of Chronic Diabetes with 42-Day Readmission after Delivery Hospitalization.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Reproductive Health Counseling in the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Community-level social determinants of health and pregestational and gestational diabetes.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2024Article
- 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024.Diabetes care · 2024Review
- Respecting tribal voices in the development of a gestational diabetes risk reduction preconception counseling program for American Indian/Alaska Native adolescent females: a qualitative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- "A patient should not have to ask": Women's experiences of patient education about preconception care for type 2 diabetes.Patient education and counseling · 2023Article
- Association of community walkability and glycemic control among pregnant individuals with pregestational diabetes mellitus.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2023Article
- Associations Between Preconception Glycemia and Preterm Birth: The Potential Role of Health Care Access and Utilization.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Attendance at pre-pregnancy care clinics for women with type 1 diabetes: A scoping review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2023Article
- Leveraging Systematic Reviews to Explore Disease Burden and Costs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures in the United States.Exposure and health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePreconception care for women with diabetes can reduce the occurrence of adverse birth outcomes. We aimed to estimate the preconception care (PCC)-preventable health and cost burden of adverse birth outcomes associated with diagnosed and undiagnosed pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) in the United States. STUDY
designAmong women of reproductive age (15-44 years), we estimated age- and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. We applied age and race/ethnicity-specific pregnancy rates, estimates of the risk reduction from PCC for 3 adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, major birth defects, and perinatal mortality), and lifetime medical and lost productivity costs for children with those outcomes. Using a probabilistic model, we estimated the reduction in adverse birth outcomes and costs associated with universal PCC compared with no PCC among women with PGDM. We did not assess maternal outcomes and associated costs.
resultsWe estimated 2.2% of US births are to women with PGDM. Among women with diagnosed diabetes, universal PCC might avert 8397 (90% prediction interval [PI], 5252-11,449) preterm deliveries, 3725 (90% PI, 3259-4126) birth defects, and 1872 (90% PI, 1239-2415) perinatal deaths annually. Associated discounted lifetime costs averted for the affected cohort of children could be as high as $4.3 billion (90% PI, 3.4-5.1 billion) (2012 US dollars). PCC among women with undiagnosed diabetes could yield an additional $1.2 billion (90% PI, 951 million-1.4 billion) in averted cost.
conclusionResults suggest a substantial health and cost burden associated with PGDM that could be prevented by universal PCC, which might offset the cost of providing such care.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.