Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25439303›Full record

ArticleJournal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus2014

Ophthalmologic correlates of disease severity in children and adolescents with Wolfram syndrome.

James Hoekel, Smith Ann Chisholm, Amal Al-Lozi, Tamara Hershey, Lawrence Tychsen, Washington University Wolfram Study Group

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Evaluating the Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Wolfram syndrome Patients.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  13. Ophthalmic, Systemic and Genetic Features in Wolfram Syndrome.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2026
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  16. Strabismus in Genetic Syndromes: A Review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

James HoekelDepartment of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Smith Ann ChisholmDepartment of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Amal Al-LoziDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Tamara HersheyDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Lawrence TychsenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital. Electronic address: tychsen@vision.wustl.edu.
Washington University Wolfram Study Group
St. Louis Children's Hospital · US

Funding

WU P&FP30DK020579 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jennifer Lynn Powers Carson · 2013 to 2026
$27.1M
TRACKING NEURODEGENERATION IN EARLY WOLFRAM SYNDROMER01HD070855 · NICHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HERSHEY, TAMARA G · 2012 to 2022
$5.6M
VISUAL CORTEX OF NATURALLY STRABISMIC PRIMATESR01EY010214 · NEI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TYCHSEN, LAWRENCE · 1996 to 2011
$5.0M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY010214NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD070855NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020579
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo describe an ophthalmic phenotype in children at relatively early stages of Wolfram syndrome.

methodsQuantitative ophthalmic testing of visual acuity, color vision, automated visual field sensitivity, optic nerve pallor and cupping, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 18 subjects 5-25 years of age. Subjects were also examined for presence or absence of afferent pupillary defects, cataracts, nystagmus, and strabismus.

resultsSubnormal visual acuity was detected in 89% of subjects, color vision deficits in 94%, visual field defects in 100%, optic disk pallor in 94%, abnormally large optic nerve cup:disk ratio in 33%, thinned RNFL in 100%, afferent pupillary defects in 61%, cataracts in 22%, nystagmus in 39%, and strabismus in 39% of subjects. RNFL thinning (P < 0.001), afferent pupillary defects (P = 0.01), strabismus (P = 0.04), and nystagmus (P = 0.04) were associated with more severe disease using the Wolfram United Rating Scale.

conclusionsChildren and adolescents with Wolfram syndrome have multiple ophthalmic markers that correlate with overall disease severity. RNFL thickness measured by OCT may be the most reliable early marker.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultCataractChildChild, PreschoolColor VisionEye DiseasesFemaleHumansMaleNerve FibersNystagmus, PathologicOptic Nerve DiseasesPhenotypePupil DisordersRetinal Ganglion Cells

Identifiers

PMID25439303
PMCPMC4476046
OpenAlexW2094346774

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.