ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2015
Associations of infant feeding and timing of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with childhood body composition.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infant body composition in a randomised trial of a maternal nutritional supplement during preconception and pregnancy.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Trial
- Comparison of the effects of different growth standards on infants in Urban Shanghai: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Chinese medical journal · 2019Trial
- The Growth Pattern of Tibetan Infants at High Altitudes: a Cohort Study in Rural Tibet region.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- The Impact of Early-Life Growth on Long-Term Cardiometabolic and Neurocognitive Outcomes in High-Income Countries: A Neglected Public Health Problem.Nutrition reviews · 2026Review
- Biological and environmental contributions to the growth rates of preterm children aged 0-2 years: a birth cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Association Between the Early Introduction of Solid Food and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Effect of Nutrition in the First Two Years of Life on Body Composition of Preschool-Aged Children.Cureus · 2024Article
- Impact of an early 1000-day intervention for obesity prevention on adiposity and BMI at two years of age: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Modelling individual infancy growth trajectories to predict excessive gain in BMI z-score: a comparison of growth measures in the ABCD and GECKO Drenthe cohorts.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Growth, Nutritional Status, and Dietary Intake Patterns Associated With Prolonged Breastfeeding in Young Korean Children: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Mediators of differences by parental education in weight-related outcomes in childhood and adolescence in Norway.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Growth in Exclusively Breastfed and Non-exclusively Breastfed Children: Comparisons with WHO Child Growth Standards and Korean National Growth Charts.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Article
- Human milk fatty acid composition is associated with dietary, genetic, sociodemographic, and environmental factors in the CHILD Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- Height Trajectory During Early Childhood Is Inversely Associated with Fat Mass in Later Childhood in Mexican Boys.The Journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Appropriate age range for introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
- Choosing Healthy Eating for Infant Health (CHErIsH) study: protocol for a feasibility study.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Associations of fat mass and fat-free mass accretion in infancy with body composition and cardiometabolic risk markers at 5 years: The Ethiopian iABC birth cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Adjustment for time-invariant and time-varying confounders in 'unexplained residuals' models for longitudinal data within a causal framework and associated challenges.Statistical methods in medical research · 2019Article
- Article
- Infant Growth and Long-term Cardiometabolic Health: a Review of Recent Findings.Current nutrition reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGrowth and feeding during infancy have been associated with later life body mass index. However, the associations of infant feeding, linear growth and weight gain relative to linear growth with separate components of body composition remain unclear.
methodsOf 5551 children with collected growth and infant-feeding data in a prospective cohort study (Amsterdam Born Children and their Development), body composition measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis at the age of 5-6 years was available for 2227 children. We assessed how feeding (duration of full breastfeeding and timing of introduction of complementary feeding) and conditional variables representing linear growth and relative weight gain were associated with childhood fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM).
resultsBirth weight was positively associated with both FFM and FM in childhood, and more strongly with FFM than FM. Faster linear growth and faster relative weight gain at all ages in infancy were positively associated with childhood FFM and FM. The associations with FM were stronger for relative weight gain than for linear growth (FM z score: β coefficient 0.23 (95% con 0.19 to 0.26), P<0.001 and 0.14 (0.11 to 0.17), P<0.001 per s.d. change in relative weight gain and linear growth between 1 and 3 months, respectively). Compared with full breastfeeding <1 month, full breastfeeding >6 months was associated with lower FM (FM z score: -0.17 (-0.28 to -0.05), P=0.005) and lower FFM (FFM z score: -0.13 (-0.23 to -0.03), P=0.015), as was the introduction of complementary feeding >6 months (FM z score: -0.22 (-0.38 to -0.07), P=0.004), compared with <4 months.
conclusionsFaster infant weight gain is associated with a healthier childhood body composition when it is caused by faster linear growth. Full breastfeeding >6 months and introduction of complementary feeding >6 months are associated with lower childhood FM.
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