ArticleBMC research notes2014
Genetic characterisation of influenza B viruses detected in Singapore, 2004 to 2009.
Article in BMC research notes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza B Viruses in Malaysia, 2012-2014.PloS one · 2015Trial
- The Persistence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to Influenza B/Yamagata Neuraminidase Despite the Disappearance of the Lineage: Structural and Serological Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Incidence and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of influenza B virus in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of respiratory viruses from 2012 to 2015 - A sentinel surveillance report from union territory of Puducherry, India.Clinical epidemiology and global health · 2020Article
- Molecular and biochemical characterization of the NS1 protein of non-cultured influenza B virus strains circulating in Singapore.Microbial genomics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza B viruses are classified into two main lineages: Yamagata-like and Victoria-like, which differ antigenically and phylogenetically. To understand the evolution of influenza B viruses in South East Asia as well as to determine the vaccine efficacy, we genetically characterised gene segments 4, 6 and 8 from non-tissue culture adapted influenza B viruses detected in Singapore from 2004 to 2009.
methodsvRNA were extracted from the nasopharyngeal swabs or nasal washes of SAF servicemen displaying febrile and respiratory symptoms, and subjected to PCR assay to test for the presence of influenza B virus. The PCR-positive specimens were next subjected to sequencing of the full gene segments 4 (HA), 6 (NA/NB) and 8 (NS1/NEP). The nucleotide sequences were aligned together with that of other specimens isolated from South East Asia as well as the vaccine strains. Phylogenetic trees of each gene segment were constructed and the amino acid alignments were analysed.
resultsA majority of the Singaporean specimens analysed in this study, from 2004-2009, had gene segment 4 from the Victoria-like lineage and gene segment 6 from Yamagata-like lineage. Some of these specimens had both gene segments from the Yamagata lineage and this resulted in several vaccine mismatches. Gene segment 8 from majority of these specimens clustered separately from both the Yamagata and Victoria strains. The HA protein of most of the Singaporean specimens isolated post 2000 contained a glycosylation site at position 211, which was not dominant prior to 2000. No amino acid substitution conferring drug-resistance was found in either the HA or NA proteins.
conclusionsThe presence of both lineages co-circulating post 2000, suggests that a trivalent vaccine is not enough to confer immunity to the general public, strongly endorsing the inclusion of both lineages in the vaccine. Several amino acid substitutions were observed, prompting in depth functional analyses.
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