Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25432001›Full record

SynthesisThe Permanente journal2015

Acupuncture safety in patients receiving anticoagulants: a systematic review.

Michael Mcculloch, Arian Nachat, Jonathan Schwartz, Vicki Casella-Gordon, Joseph Cook

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Permanente journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05232487 (Comparison of Swiss Versus Standard Low Back Acupuncture in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain. A Randomized, Controlled, Single-blind, Monocentric Clinical Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05232487 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Comparison of Swiss Versus Standard Low Back Acupuncture in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain. A Randomized, Controlled, Single-blind, Monocentric Clinical Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorLi YimingRan2023 to 2025Enrolled116ConditionsChronic Low-back PainArmsSwiss low back acupuncture (SLBA), Standard acupuncture (SA)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Acupuncture Safety in Taiwan.Medical acupuncture · 2025
    Article
  5. Safety of dry needling in stroke patients: a scoping review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024
    Article
  6. Acupuncture in cancer care: recommendations for safe practice (peer-reviewed expert opinion).Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Dry Needling and Antithrombotic Drugs.Pain research & management · 2022
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Michael MccullochResearch Lead for Integrative Medicine at the Walnut Creek Hospital in CA and a Research Chief at the Pine Street Foundation in San Anselmo, CA. michael.f.mcculloch@kp.org.
Arian NachatDirector of Integrative Medicine at the Walnut Creek Hospital in CA. arian.nachat@kp.org.
Jonathan SchwartzResearch Intern in Integrative Medicine at the Walnut Creek Hospital in CA. jjschwar@princeton.edu.
Vicki Casella-GordonClinical Nurse Specialist in Integrative Medicine at the Walnut Creek Hospital in CA. vicki.gordon@kp.org.
Joseph CookResearch Intern in Integrative Medicine at the Walnut Creek Hospital in CA. cookjos1@yahoo.com.
John Muir Health · USIntegrative Medicine Institute · USPine Street Foundation · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTheoretically, acupuncture in anticoagulated patients could increase bleeding risk. However, precise estimates of bleeding complication rates from acupuncture in anticoagulated patients have not been systematically examined.

objectiveTo critically evaluate evidence for safety of acupuncture in anticoagulated patients.

methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Google Scholar.

resultsOf 39 potentially relevant citations, 11 met inclusion criteria: 2 randomized trials, 4 case series, and 5 case reports. Seven provided reporting quality sufficient to assess acupuncture safety in 384 anticoagulated patients (3974 treatments). Minor-moderate bleeding related to acupuncture in an anticoagulated patient occurred in one case: a large hip hematoma, managed with vitamin K reversal and warfarin discontinuation following reevaluation of its medical justification. Blood-spot bleeding, typical for any needling/injection and controlled with pressure/cotton, occurred in 51 (14.6%) of 350 treatments among a case series of 229 patients. Bleeding deemed unrelated to acupuncture during anticoagulation, and more likely resulting from inappropriately deep needling damaging tissue or from complex anticoagulation regimens, occurred in 5 patients. No bleeding was reported in 2 studies (74 anticoagulated patients): 1 case report and 1 randomized trial prospectively monitoring acupuncture-associated bleeding as an explicit end point. Altogether, 1 moderate bleeding event occurred in 3974 treatments (0.003%).

conclusionAcupuncture appears to be safe in anticoagulated patients, assuming appropriate needling location and depth. The observed 0.003% complication rate is lower than the previously reported 12.3% following hip/knee replacement in a randomized trial of 27,360 anticoagulated patients, and 6% following acupuncture in a prospective study of 229,230 all-type patients. Prospective trials would help confirm our findings.

Indexed as

Acupuncture TherapyAnticoagulantsHemorrhageHumansRisk FactorsSafetyAnticoagulants

Identifiers

PMID25432001
PMCPMC4315381
OpenAlexW2118131201

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.