ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2015
The Tryptophan-Derived Endogenous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]Carbazole Is a Nanomolar UVA Photosensitizer in Epidermal Keratinocytes.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: The Potential of Indole Compounds in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- AhR deficiency exacerbates inflammation in diabetic wounds via impaired mitophagy and cGAS-STING-NLRP3 activation: Therapeutic potential of hydrogels loaded with FICZ.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Amino Acid Metabolism of the Skin: Control by Specific Enzymes and Contribution to Protective Functions.Metabolites · 2025Review
- A Multicomponent Reaction-Based Platform Opens New Avenues in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulation.ACS central science · 2025Article
- To activate NAD(P)H oxidase with a brief pulse of photodynamic action.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Light Sensing beyond Vision: Focusing on a Possible Role for the FICZ/AhR Complex in Skin Optotransduction.Cells · 2024Review
- Induction of Semaphorin 3A by Resveratrol and Pinostilbene via Activation of the AHR-NRF2 Axis in Human Keratinocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Towards overcoming obstacles of type II photodynamic therapy: Endogenous production of light, photosensitizer, and oxygen.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry identifies a unique group of epidermal lipids in active discoid lupus erythematosus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Glycolysis-derived α-Dicarbonyl Metabolite Methylglyoxal is a UVA-photosensitizer Causing the Photooxidative Elimination of HaCaT Keratinocytes with Induction of Oxidative and Proteotoxic Stress Response Gene ExpressionPhotochemistry and photobiology · 2023Article
- Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the DarkPhotochemistry and photobiology · 2023Review
- The Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Disinfectant Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Causes Chlorination Stress Enhancing Solar UV-Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in AP-1 Transgenic SKH-1 Luciferase Reporter Mouse Skin.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2023Article
- Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from gut microbiota.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The role of intestinal microbes on intestinal barrier function and host immunity from a metabolite perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Effects of Indole-3-Lactic Acid, a Metabolite of Tryptophan, on IL-4 and IL-13-Induced Human Skin-Equivalent Atopic Dermatitis Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- UVA Radiation, DNA Damage, and Melanoma.ACS omega · 2022Review
- Leaky Gut in IBD: Intestinal Barrier-Gut Microbiota Interaction.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction of a Cytochrome P450 Family Involved in Chemical Defense Reveals the Functional Evolution of a Promiscuous, Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme in Vertebrates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Vemurafenib Drives Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Expression in BRAF Inhibitor‒Resistant BRAFThe Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Article
- Beneficial roles of the AhR ligand FICZ on the regenerative potentials of BMSCs and primed cartilage templates.RSC advances · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous UVA chromophores may act as sensitizers of oxidative stress underlying cutaneous photoaging and photocarcinogenesis, but the molecular identity of non-DNA key chromophores displaying UVA-driven photodyamic activity in human skin remains largely undefined. Here we report that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a tryptophan photoproduct and endogenous high-affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, acts as a nanomolar photosensitizer potentiating UVA-induced oxidative stress irrespective of AhR ligand activity. In human HaCaT and primary epidermal keratinocytes, photodynamic induction of apoptosis was elicited by the combined action of solar-simulated UVA and FICZ, whereas exposure to the isolated action of UVA or FICZ did not impair viability. In a human epidermal tissue reconstruct, FICZ/UVA cotreatment caused pronounced phototoxicity inducing keratinocyte cell death, and FICZ photodynamic activity was also substantiated in a murine skin exposure model. Array analysis revealed pronounced potentiation of cellular heat shock, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress response gene expression observed only upon FICZ/UVA cotreatment. FICZ photosensitization caused intracellular oxidative stress, and comet analysis revealed introduction of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-sensitive oxidative DNA lesions suppressible by antioxidant cotreatment. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the endogenous AhR ligand FICZ displays nanomolar photodynamic activity representing a molecular mechanism of UVA-induced photooxidative stress potentially operative in human skin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.