ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2014
The role of nature in coping with psycho-physiological stress: a literature review on restorativeness.
Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04528238 (Multicentric, Randomized, Open-label Study to Assess the Impact of Relaxing Visual Immersion), which is not on this map. Cited by 194 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multicentric, Randomized, Open-label Study to Assess the Impact of Relaxing Visual Immersion (RVI) on Reducing Anxiety During Intravenous Cancer Treatment in Cancer Patients.
Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of virtual reality technology on the intervention of mental health problems among healthcare workers: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of virtual reality stimulation on reducing the incidence of delirium among patients admitted to intensive care units: a systematic review study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of virtual reality nature effects on higher education students' mental health and wellbeing.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2025Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Evidence for the Biophilia Hypothesis and Implications for Biophilic Design.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Nature play in early childhood education: A systematic review and meta ethnography of qualitative research.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- The effects of interacting with fish in aquariums on human health and well-being: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Multisensory virtual reality reduces postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: A single-centre randomised controlled trial.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Enhancing Psychophysiological Well-Being Through Nature-Based Soundscapes: An Examination of Heart Rate Variability in a Cross-Over Study.Psychophysiology · 2025Trial
- The Restorative Effects of Nature Exposure on The Self-Regulation Resources in Mentally Fatigued Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2024Trial
- Effect of Relaxation-Based Virtual Reality on Psychological and Physiological Stress of Substance Abusers Under Detoxification: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2024Trial
- Biophilic classroom environments on stress and cognitive performance: A randomized crossover study in virtual reality (VR).PloS one · 2023Trial
- Brief repeated virtual nature contact for three weeks boosts university students' nature connectedness and psychological and physiological health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Natural or Urban Campus Walks and Vitality in University Students: Exploratory Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomised Controlled Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Psychological and Physiological Responses in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Use of Acute Exercise and Virtual Reality Environment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- COVID-19 and human-nature relationships: Vermonters' activities in nature and associated nonmaterial values during the pandemic.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Reloading Pupils' Batteries: Impact of Green Spaces on Cognition and Wellbeing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Trial
- Visuo-acoustic stimulation that helps you to relax: A virtual reality setup for patients in the intensive care unit.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Affective responses in mountain hiking-A randomized crossover trial focusing on differences between indoor and outdoor activity.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Viewing Green and Built Settings: Differentiating Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Activity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Trial
- Environmental Modulation of Perceived Cognitive Workload During a Memory Task: Evidence from Immersive Virtual Reality.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Physical settings can play a role in coping with stress; in particular experimental research has found strong evidence between exposure to natural environments and recovery from physiological stress and mental fatigue, giving support to both Stress Recovery Theory and Attention Restoration Theory. In fact, exposure to natural environments protects people against the impact of environmental stressors and offer physiological, emotional and attention restoration more so than urban environments. Natural places that allow the renewal of personal adaptive resources to meet the demands of everyday life are called restorative environments. Natural environments elicit greater calming responses than urban environments, and in relation to their vision there is a general reduction of physiological symptoms of stress. Exposure to natural scenes mediates the negative effects of stress reducing the negative mood state and above all enhancing positive emotions. Moreover, one can recover the decrease of cognitive performance associated with stress, especially reflected in attention tasks, through the salutary effect of viewing nature. Giving the many benefits of contact with nature, plans for urban environments should attend to restorativeness.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.