ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2014
Refractory chronic cluster headache: a consensus statement on clinical definition from the European Headache Federation.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Differential efficacy of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache: A meta-analysis.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation as treatment of chronic cluster headache: an investigator-initiated, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Trial
- Factors associated with efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation in medically intractable chronic cluster headache.Headache · 2025Trial
- Resonance massage tool effects in non-migraine headache management.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled study of galcanezumab in patients with chronic cluster headache: Results from 3-month double-blind treatment.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2020Trial
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled ACT2 study.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2018Trial
- Effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on attack frequency over time and expanded response rates in patients with chronic cluster headache: a post hoc analysis of the randomised, controlled PREVA study.The journal of headache and pain · 2017Trial
- Cluster headache attack remission with sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation: experiences in chronic cluster headache patients through 24 months.The journal of headache and pain · 2016Trial
- The Prevalence and Incidence of Cluster Headache: A Norwegian Population-Based Time-Trend Study.Neurology · 2026Article
- Predictive factors of effectiveness of occipital nerve stimulation for chronic cluster headache: data from for the French ONS registry.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Predictors of Response to Occipital Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Refractory Chronic Cluster Headache: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Extremely low dose norepinephrine in treatment of refractory chronic cluster headache: two case reports and literature review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 3 - cluster headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- 15. Cluster Headache.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Review
- Evaluating Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Refractory Chronic Cluster Headache Prevention: Insights from a Randomized Crossover Pilot Trial.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The profile of refractory chronic cluster headache.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of single-dose galcanezumab 240 mg on episodic or refractory chronic cluster headache: prospective, 4-week, real-world evidence from the GRASP study group.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Galcanezumab add-on in refractory cluster headache. A case series.Pain management · 2024Article
- Health equity, care access and quality in headache - part 2.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic cluster headache (CCH) often resists to prophylactic pharmaceutical treatments resulting in patients' life damage. In this rare but pragmatic situation escalation to invasive management is needed but framing criteria are lacking. We aimed to reach a consensus for refractory CCH definition for clinical and research use. The preparation of the final consensus followed three stages. Internal between authors, a larger between all European Headache Federation members and finally an international one among all investigators that have published clinical studies on cluster headache the last five years. Eighty-five investigators reached by email. Proposed criteria were in the format of the International Classification of Headache Disorders III-beta (description, criteria, notes, comments and references). Following this evaluation eight drafts were prepared before the final. Twenty-four (28.2%) international investigators commented during two rounds. Refractory CCH is described in the present consensus as a situation that fulfills the criteria of ICHD-3 beta for CCH with at least three severe attacks per week despite at least three consecutive trials of adequate preventive treatments. The condition is rare, but difficult to manage and invasive treatments may be needed. The consensus addresses five specific clinical and paraclinical diagnostic criteria followed by three notes and specific comments. Although refractory CCH may be not a separate identity these specific diagnostic criteria should help clinicians and investigators to improve patient's quality of life.
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