ArticleInternational journal of cancer2015
Nitrate and nitrite ingestion and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Association between dietary intake and risk of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.Oncotarget · 2016Pooled it
- Exposures to Drinking Water Contaminants in Community Water Systems and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the California Teachers Study Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Associations Between Perceived Tap Water Safety and Dietary Outcomes Among US Adults.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Article
- Human health risk assessment of nitrate in repeatedly boiled water using Univariate regression and Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nitrate and disinfection by-products in drinking water and risk of ovarian cancer.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Perovskite Oxides: Syntheses and Perspectives on Their Application for Nitrate Reduction.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Comparative study of the quality indices, antioxidant substances, and mineral elements in different forms of cabbage.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Examining Relationships Between Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations in Drinking Water and Landscape Characteristics to Understand Health Risks.GeoHealth · 2022Article
- Wildfires can increase regulated nitrate, arsenic, and disinfection byproduct violations and concentrations in public drinking water supplies.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Potential health risks of toxic heavy metals and nitrate via commonly consumed bivalve and vegetable species in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Research progress on the association between environmental pollutants and the resistance mechanism of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Health and economic impact of nitrate pollution in drinking water: a Wisconsin case study.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2020Article
- Impact of residential mobility on estimated environmental exposures in a prospective cohort of older women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are precursors in the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC), potential human carcinogens. We evaluated the association of nitrate and nitrite ingestion with postmenopausal ovarian cancer risk in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Among 28,555 postmenopausal women, we identified 315 incident epithelial ovarian cancers from 1986 to 2010. Dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes were assessed at baseline using food frequency questionnaire data. Drinking water source at home was obtained in a 1989 follow-up survey. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 -N) and total trihalomethane (TTHM) levels for Iowa public water utilities were linked to residences and average levels were computed based on each woman's duration at the residence. We computed multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We tested interactions of nitrate with TTHMs and dietary factors known to influence NOC formation. Ovarian cancer risk was 2.03 times higher (CI = 1.22-3.38, ptrend = 0.003) in the highest quartile (≥2.98 mg/L) compared with the lowest quartile (≤0.47 mg/L; reference) of NO3 -N in public water, regardless of TTHM levels. Risk among private well users was also elevated (HR = 1.53, CI = 0.93-2.54) compared with the same reference group. Associations were stronger when vitamin C intake was <median (pinteraction = 0.01 and 0.33 for private well and public supplies, respectively). Dietary nitrate was inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk (ptrend = 0.02); whereas, dietary nitrite from processed meats was positively associated with the risk (ptrend = 0.04). Our findings indicate that high nitrate levels in public drinking water and private well use may increase ovarian cancer risk among postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.