ArticleHIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)2014
HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in India: national scenario of an unfinished agenda.
Article in HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of a syndemic theory-based intervention on HIV transmission risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in India: Pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison group trial.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Trial
- Strengthening resilience to reduce HIV risk in Indian MSM: a multicity, randomised, clinical efficacy trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Trial
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare workers of governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Infection prevention in practice · 2023Article
- Transgenders are the most vulnerable amongst individuals engaging in receptive anal intercourse: A cross-sectional study from North India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Getting to the First 90: Incentivized Peer Mobilizers Promote HIV Testing Services to Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Social Media in Mumbai, India.Global health, science and practice · 2019Article
- Article
- Why don't key populations access HIV testing and counselling centres in Nepal? Findings based on national surveillance survey.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Descriptive Epidemiology of Factors Associated with HIV Infections Among Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men in South India.LGBT health · 2016Article
- Friends, Sisters, and Wives: Social Support and Social Risks in Peer Relationships Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in India.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2016Article
- Comparison of Sexual Risk, HIV/STI Prevalence and Intervention Exposure Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women (MSMW) and Men Who Have Sex with Men Only (MSMO) in India: Implications for HIV Prevention.AIDS and behavior · 2015Article
- Prevalence of HIV disease between Qeshm Island people during 2013-2014, Iran.Journal of medicine and life · 2015Article
- Burden and Correlates of HIV among Men Who Have Sex with Men in West Bengal, India: Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance Data.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough India has demonstrated success in the overall reduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence by 57% in the past 10 years, its control among men who have sex with men (MSM) remains a critical challenge. This paper describes the current status, geographic variability, and factors associated with HIV among MSM from the national perspective.
methodsDATA ON THE LEVELS AND TRENDS OF HIV SEROPOSITIVITY AND ASSOCIATED RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG MSM WERE ANALYZED AND PRESENTED FROM THE FOLLOWING DATA SOURCES: 1) annual HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS) conducted during 2003-10, 2) two rounds of the high-risk group size estimation conducted in 2005 and 2009, 3) two rounds of the Behavioral Surveillance Survey conducted in 2006 and 2009, and 4) the Integrated Bio-behavioral Assessment Round 2. Data were analyzed according to selected sociodemographic characteristics and sexual identities of MSM to understand the factors associated with high HIV prevalence.
resultsHSS data indicate that at the national level, HIV prevalence among MSM overall is declining (from 12.3% in 2003 to 4.43% in 2010). However, marginal increasing trends were observed in Chandigarh (from 1.4% in 2004 to 2.8% in 2008) and Haryana (from 0% in 2006 to 3.2% in 2008). HSS data indicate high (>5%) levels and increasing trends in HIV prevalence among MSM in eight states of India during 2003-10. Analysis of 2010 HSS data indicates that HIV prevalence was >10% in seven states. The factors associated with high HIV prevalence among MSM were being a kothi (the receptive partner in oral and anal sex, and typically with effeminate mannerisms) or a double-decker (both penetrative and receptive partner) rather than being a panthi (the penetrative partner in oral or anal sex) (8% vs 4.3%; P<0.05), being older than 25 years in age than their younger counterparts (9% vs 4.5%; P<0.05), illiterate rather than literate MSM (9.5% vs 6.9%; P<0.05), and employed versus unemployed MSM (9.1% vs 7.8%; P<0.05).
conclusionWhile HIV prevalence among MSM at the national level is declining, it continues to remain high in some states and cities. Programs need to build on the successes in reducing HIV among female sex workers in order to control the high HIV prevalence among MSM in India.
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