Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25428938›Full record

ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2014

Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection.

Thomas R Hawn, Tracey A Day, Thomas J Scriba, Mark Hatherill, Willem A Hanekom, Thomas G Evans, Gavin J Churchyard, James G Kublin, Linda-Gail Bekker, Steven G Self

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  15. Challenges in developing new tuberculosis vaccines.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025
    Review
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Thomas R HawnDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA thawn@u.washington.edu.
Tracey A DayHIV Vaccine Trials Network, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Thomas J ScribaSouth African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Mark HatherillSouth African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Willem A HanekomSouth African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Thomas G EvansAeras, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Gavin J ChurchyardAurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
James G KublinHIV Vaccine Trials Network, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Medicine, Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Linda-Gail BekkerDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Steven G SelfStatistical Center for HIV Research, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Funding

LOC: HIV Vaccine Trials NetworkUM1AI068614 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Dan H. Barouch, Lawrence Corey · 2011 to 2026
$1175.6M
SDMC: HIV Vaccine Trials NetworkUM1AI068635 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Peter B. Gilbert, Yunda Huang · 2011 to 2026
$385.9M
NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068614NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068635
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

summaryTuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide despite the availability of effective chemotherapy for over 60 years. Although Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination protects against active TB disease in some populations, its efficacy is suboptimal. Development of an effective TB vaccine is a top global priority that has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of protective immunity to TB. Thus far, preventing TB disease, rather than infection, has been the primary target for vaccine development. Several areas of research highlight the importance of including preinfection vaccines in the development pipeline. First, epidemiology and mathematical modeling studies indicate that a preinfection vaccine would have a high population-level impact for control of TB disease. Second, immunology studies support the rationale for targeting prevention of infection, with evidence that host responses may be more effective during acute infection than during chronic infection. Third, natural history studies indicate that resistance to TB infection occurs in a small percentage of the population. Fourth, case-control studies of BCG indicate that it may provide protection from infection. Fifth, prevention-of-infection trials would have smaller sample sizes and a shorter duration than disease prevention trials and would enable opportunities to search for correlates of immunity as well as serve as a criterion for selecting a vaccine product for testing in a larger TB disease prevention trial. Together, these points support expanding the focus of TB vaccine development efforts to include prevention of infection as a primary goal along with vaccines or other interventions that reduce the rate of transmission and reactivation.

Indexed as

Tuberculosis VaccinesAnimalsClinical Trials as TopicCoinfectionHIV InfectionsHumansModels, AnimalModels, TheoreticalMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisVaccinationTuberculosis Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID25428938
PMCPMC4248657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.