ReviewJournal of virology2015
Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: a decade of structural studies.
Review in Journal of virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04353037 (PATCH 2 & 3), which is not on this map. Cited by 386 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PATCH 2 & 3: (Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 With Hydroxychloroquine) A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19
Who cites it
386 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- COVID-19 outbreak: history, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics.Infection · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of TRV027 on coagulation in COVID-19: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Monoclonal antibodies target conserved S1mBio · 2026Article
- ACE2-like Catalytic Activity in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Monoclonal Antibodies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Sequencing of Betacoronavirus erinacei from faeces of pet hedgehogs demonstrates a continuity of MERS-CoV like viruses in European and Eurasian hedgehog species.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Development and Efficacy Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA Method Based on the Immunodominant Region of the Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Update and reuse: Structure-guided nanobody evolution against SARS-CoV-2 escape.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- SFV Replicon Vector Harbouring Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus Immunogens Delivered by AttenuatedViruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Structural basis for bat receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 and bat SARS2-like coronaviruses.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Host Glycan-Lectin Interplay in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Structural basis for human DPP4 receptor recognition by MERS-like coronaviruses 2014-422 and GX2012.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Alpha- and Beta-Coronaviruses in Humans and Animals: Taxonomy, Reservoirs, Hosts, and Interspecies Transmission.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Farm animal coronaviruses: the solution is in vaccines.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Receptor affinity-selective differential dynamics of membrane fusion initiation govern deltacoronavirus cross-species transmission.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Cav1.2 facilitates the binding and internalisation of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- A novel linear B-cell epitope on S2 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus identified using a monoclonal antibody.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
326 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Receptor recognition by viruses is the first and essential step of viral infections of host cells. It is an important determinant of viral host range and cross-species infection and a primary target for antiviral intervention. Coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors, infect many hosts, and are health threats to humans and animals. The receptor-binding S1 subunit of coronavirus spike proteins contains two distinctive domains, the N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) and the C-terminal domain (S1-CTD), both of which can function as receptor-binding domains (RBDs). S1-NTDs and S1-CTDs from three major coronavirus genera recognize at least four protein receptors and three sugar receptors and demonstrate a complex receptor recognition pattern. For example, highly similar coronavirus S1-CTDs within the same genus can recognize different receptors, whereas very different coronavirus S1-CTDs from different genera can recognize the same receptor. Moreover, coronavirus S1-NTDs can recognize either protein or sugar receptors. Structural studies in the past decade have elucidated many of the puzzles associated with coronavirus-receptor interactions. This article reviews the latest knowledge on the receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses and discusses how coronaviruses have evolved their complex receptor recognition pattern. It also summarizes important principles that govern receptor recognition by viruses in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.