ArticleMaternal and child health journal2015
Does pet-keeping modify the association of delivery mode with offspring body size?
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dog-ownership and paediatric neurodevelopmental disorders; 'pawsitive' impact: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Pet Exposure Is Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota and Higher Phospholipid and Protein Concentrations in the Breast Milk of Overweight/Obese Pregnant Women.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Longitudinal long-read microbiome profiling in a canine model reveals how age, diet, and birth mode shape gut community dynamics.mSystems · 2026Article
- Early Exposure to Animals and Childhood Body Mass Index Percentile and Percentage Fat Mass.Child and adolescent obesity (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Prenatal pet keeping and caregiver-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder through preadolescence in a United States birth cohort.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Prenatal antimicrobial use and early-childhood body mass index.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2018Article
- Exposure to household furry pets influences the gut microbiota of infant at 3-4 months following various birth scenarios.Microbiome · 2017Article
- Cesarean section may increase the risk of both overweight and obesity in preschool children.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2016Article
- Race-specific Association of Caesarean-Section Delivery with Body Size at Age 2 Years.Ethnicity & disease · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Caesarean-section (CS) delivery increases risk of childhood obesity, and is associated with a distinct early-life gut microbiome, which may contribute to obesity. Household pets may alter human gut microbiome composition. We examined if pet-keeping modified the association of CS with obesity at age 2 years in 639 Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study birth cohort participants. Pet-keeping was defined as having a dog or cat (indoors ≥1 h/day) at child age 2 years. We used logistic regression to test for an interaction between CS and pet-keeping with obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) at age 2 years, adjusted for maternal obesity. A total of 328 (51.3 %) children were male; 367 (57.4 %) were African American; 228 (35.7 %) were born by CS; and 55 (8.6 %) were obese. After adjusting for maternal obesity, CS-born children had a non-significant (P = 0.25) but elevated 1.4 (95 % CI 0.8, 2.5) higher odds of obesity compared to those born vaginally. There was evidence of effect modification between current pet-keeping and delivery mode with obesity at age 2 years (interaction P = 0.054). Compared to children born vaginally without a pet currently in the home, children born via CS without a pet currently in the home had a statistically significant (P = 0.043) higher odds (odds ratio 2.00; 95 % CI 1.02, 3.93) of being obese at age 2 years. Pets modified the CS-BMI relationship; whether the underlying mechanism is through effects on environmental or gut microbiome requires specific investigation.
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Registered trials
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