Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25427871›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2015

An unusually long-lasting outbreak of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease, 2005-2008, Italy.

M Scaturro, S Fontana, S Crippa, M G Caporali, T Seyler, E Veschetti, G Villa, M C Rota, M L Ricci

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Genome analysis ofLife science alliance · 2022
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. A Legionnaires' Disease Cluster in a Private Building in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  7. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021
    Article
  8. Performance of Legiolert Test vs. ISO 11731 to ConfirmPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever 2006-2017.Current environmental health reports · 2018
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Legionnaires' Disease: Clinicoradiological Comparison of Sporadic Versus Outbreak Cases.Clinical medicine insights. Circulatory, respiratory and pulmonary medicine · 2017
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

M ScaturroIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.
S FontanaIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.
S CrippaAzienda Sanitaria Locale,Desio,Italy.
M G CaporaliIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.
T SeylerIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.
E VeschettiIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.
G VillaAzienda Sanitaria Locale,Desio,Italy.
M C RotaIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.
M L RicciIstituto Superiore di Sanità,Rome,Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An unusually long-lasting community-acquired outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) occurred in the inhabitants of a town in northern Italy from 2005 to 2008. Overall, 43 cases were diagnosed including five deaths. Hundreds of water samples were collected for Legionella isolation but only two clinical samples were obtained. Clinical strains were ST23 as were environmental isolates detected in most Legionella-positive patients' homes and those from a public fountain. Although no Legionella was found in the municipal water mains, a continuous chlorination was applied in 2008. This action resulted in a halving of cases, although incidence remained tenfold higher than the Italian average incidence until the end of 2013, when it dropped to the expected rate. Retrospective analyses of prevalent wind direction suggested that a hidden cooling tower could have been the main cause of this uncommon outbreak, highlighting the importance of implementation of cooling tower registers in supporting LD investigations.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksDisease ReservoirsWater MicrobiologyWater PurificationWindAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCommunity-Acquired InfectionsFemaleHumansItalyLegionella pneumophilaLegionnaires' DiseaseMaleMiddle AgedCommunity-acquired pneumoniadisinfectionLegionellapublic health emerging infectionswater (safe)

Identifiers

PMID25427871
PMCPMC9151015

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.