ArticleEpidemiology and infection2015
Typhoid fever acquired in the United States, 1999-2010: epidemiology, microbiology, and use of a space-time scan statistic for outbreak detection.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Presence of globally prominent multidrug-resistant genotypes ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Locally acquired typhoid fever outbreak linked to chronic carriage in Ottawa, Canada, 2018-2022.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2024Article
- Chitosan-nanoparticle-based oral Salmonella enteritidis subunit vaccine elicits cross-protection against Salmonella typhimurium in broilers.Poultry science · 2024Article
- Chronic Salmonella Typhi carriage at sites other than the gallbladder.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoidal Salmonellae: Are These Bugs Swarming Into Suburban and Rural Areas of Pakistan?Cureus · 2022Article
- Article
- Fever in the Returned Pediatric Traveler.Global pediatric health · 2021Review
- Extensively drug-resistantIDCases · 2021Article
- Molecular detection of virulence genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken faeces in Mafikeng, South Africa.Journal of the South African Veterinary Association · 2020Article
- Typhoid Outbreaks, 1989-2018: Implications for Prevention and Control.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Review
- Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Outbreaks: A Worldwide Review, 1990-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Review
- Spatio-temporal cluster and distribution of human brucellosis in Shanxi Province of China between 2011 and 2016.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although rare, typhoid fever cases acquired in the United States continue to be reported. Detection and investigation of outbreaks in these domestically acquired cases offer opportunities to identify chronic carriers. We searched surveillance and laboratory databases for domestically acquired typhoid fever cases, used a space-time scan statistic to identify clusters, and classified clusters as outbreaks or non-outbreaks. From 1999 to 2010, domestically acquired cases accounted for 18% of 3373 reported typhoid fever cases; their isolates were less often multidrug-resistant (2% vs. 15%) compared to isolates from travel-associated cases. We identified 28 outbreaks and two possible outbreaks within 45 space-time clusters of ⩾2 domestically acquired cases, including three outbreaks involving ⩾2 molecular subtypes. The approach detected seven of the ten outbreaks published in the literature or reported to CDC. Although this approach did not definitively identify any previously unrecognized outbreaks, it showed the potential to detect outbreaks of typhoid fever that may escape detection by routine analysis of surveillance data. Sixteen outbreaks had been linked to a carrier. Every case of typhoid fever acquired in a non-endemic country warrants thorough investigation. Space-time scan statistics, together with shoe-leather epidemiology and molecular subtyping, may improve outbreak detection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.