ArticlemAbs2015
Production of bispecific antibodies in "knobs-into-holes" using a cell-free expression system.
Article in mAbs, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bispecific Antibodies: From Research to Clinical Application.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Emerging protein degradation strategies: expanding the scope to extracellular and membrane proteins.Theranostics · 2021Pooled it
- Eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis: Chassis diversification, system engineering, and emerging applications.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineering a TACI × CD3 bispecific antibody to redirect T cells against multiple myeloma.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Engineering Protein-Based HIV Entry Inhibitors: Advances, Challenges, and Translational Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Solid Tumor Oncology and the Frontier of Precision Immunosuppression: A Mechanistic, Translational, and Clinical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Production and Purification of Therapeutic Antibodies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Process- and Product-Related Contaminants.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A highly potent and broadly accessible bispecific nanobody for the treatment of ebola virus infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The landscape of antibody production systems: recombinant expression for research, diagnostics and therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- BAFF-based trifunctional T-cell engagers trigger robust tumor immunity against B-cell malignancies.Protein & cell · 2025Article
- Next-Generation Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Treatment: Advancements, Applications, and Challenges.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- FASTIA: A rapid and accessible platform for protein variant interaction analysis demonstrated with a single-domain antibody.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Cell-free protein synthesis platforms for accelerating drug discovery.Biotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Bispecific antibodies as powerful immunotherapeutic agents for urological cancers: Recent innovations based on preclinical and clinical evidence.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanism of Action and Pharmacokinetics of Approved Bispecific Antibodies.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Bispecific and multispecific antibodies in oncology: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- T-Cell Engagers-The Structure and Functional Principle and Application in Hematological Malignancies.Cancers · 2024Review
- Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) in prostate cancer and strategies to enhance development: hope for a BiTE-r future.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies targeting cancers: applications of click chemistry.Archives of pharmacal research · 2023Review
- Cytokine release syndrome and cancer immunotherapies - historical challenges and promising futures.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have emerged in recent years as a promising field of research for therapies in oncology, inflammable diseases, and infectious diseases. Their capability of dual target recognition allows for novel therapeutic hypothesis to be tested, where traditional mono-specific antibodies would lack the needed mode of target engagement. Among extremely diverse architectures of bispecific antibodies, knobs-into-holes (KIHs) technology, which involves engineering CH3 domains to create either a "knob" or a "hole" in each heavy chain to promote heterodimerization, has been widely applied. Here, we describe the use of a cell-free expression system (Xpress CF) to produce KIH bispecific antibodies in multiple scaffolds, including 2-armed heterodimeric scFv-KIH and one-armed asymmetric BiTE-KIH with tandem scFv. Efficient KIH production can be achieved by manipulating the plasmid ratio between knob and hole, and further improved by addition of prefabricated knob or hole. These studies demonstrate the versatility of Xpress CF in KIH production and provide valuable insights into KIH construct design for better assembly and expression titer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.