ReviewIndian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine2014
Clinical features of organophosphate poisoning: A review of different classification systems and approaches.
Review in Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed Myoclonus and Bilateral Globus Pallidus Lesions Following Organophosphate Poisoning: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Toxidromes.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Article
- From Cholinergic Crisis to Anticholinergic Delirium: When the Antidote Mimics the Poison.Cureus · 2026Article
- Current review on inducible nitric oxide synthase and Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors as disease-modifiers in preclinical models of epilepsy.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- The Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitor Donepezil Increases Dopamine Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens and Blocks the Alcohol Deprivation Effect in Rats.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Seizure and Status Epilepticus in Human Organophosphate Poisoning: A Narrative Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a predictive model for short-term symptom relief after organophosphate poisoning.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Rapid behavioral screening in the planarianFrontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Reduced Pseudocholinesterase Levels Are Associated With Alterations in Lipid Biomarkers and Liver Enzymes Among Ghanaian Male Cocoa Farmers Using Organophosphate Pesticides.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Article
- Organophosphate pesticides: a review on classification, synthesis, toxicity, remediation and analysis.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Organophosphate poisoning presenting with paralytic ileus: A case report.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Diet-incorporated saracatinib, a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, counteracts diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-induced chronic neurotoxicity in the rat model.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- The key role of magnesium sulfate in the management of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: a scoping literature review.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Development of hybrid models by the integration of the read-across hypothesis with the QSAR framework for the assessment of developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) tested according to OECD TG 414.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- Accidental Organophosphate Poisoning in a Patient Due to a Bed Bug Pesticide in the United Kingdom: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Fungicide-albumin interactions: unraveling the complex relationship-a comprehensive review.Biophysical reviews · 2024Review
- Development and Design of a Pediatric Case-Based Virtual Escape Room on Organophosphate Toxicity.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review on Magnesium Sulfate as a Game Changer in Reducing ICU Stays in Organophosphate Poisoning Cases.Cureus · 2024Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe typical toxidrome in organophosphate (OP) poisoning comprises of the Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric cramps, Emesis (SLUDGE) symptoms. However, several other manifestations are described. We review the spectrum of symptoms and signs in OP poisoning as well as the different approaches to clinical features in these patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsArticles were obtained by electronic search of PubMed(®) between 1966 and April 2014 using the search terms organophosphorus compounds or phosphoric acid esters AND poison or poisoning AND manifestations.
resultsOf the 5026 articles on OP poisoning, 2584 articles pertained to human poisoning; 452 articles focusing on clinical manifestations in human OP poisoning were retrieved for detailed evaluation. In addition to the traditional approach of symptoms and signs of OP poisoning as peripheral (muscarinic, nicotinic) and central nervous system receptor stimulation, symptoms were alternatively approached using a time-based classification. In this, symptom onset was categorized as acute (within 24-h), delayed (24-h to 2-week) or late (beyond 2-week). Although most symptoms occur with minutes or hours following acute exposure, delayed onset symptoms occurring after a period of minimal or mild symptoms, may impact treatment and timing of the discharge following acute exposure. Symptoms and signs were also viewed as an organ specific as cardiovascular, respiratory or neurological manifestations. An organ specific approach enables focused management of individual organ dysfunction that may vary with different OP compounds.
conclusionsDifferent approaches to the symptoms and signs in OP poisoning may better our understanding of the underlying mechanism that in turn may assist with the management of acutely poisoned patients.
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