ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2015
Nanomicellar Topical Aqueous Drop Formulation of Rapamycin for Back-of-the-Eye Delivery.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- From design to Deployment: The innovative role of nanomicelles in targeted ophthalmic therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Selenium Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stability and In Vitro Evaluation in Human Lens Epithelial Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Topical Application of Everolimus Attenuates Lens-Induced Myopia Through mTORC1 Suppression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Development and Evaluation of Cyclosporine a Mixed Micelle Eye Drops for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Itraconazole Loaded Micelle Based on Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(D, L-Lactic Acid) for Ocular Drug Delivery: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Posaconazole-hemp seed oil loaded nanomicelles for invasive fungal disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Novel fabrication of anti-VEGF drug ranibizumab loaded PLGA/PLA co-polymeric nanomicelles for long-acting intraocular delivery in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration therapy.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- Simultaneous Determination of Posaconazole and Hemp Seed Oil in Nanomicelles through RP-HPLC via a Quality-by-Design Approach.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Next-generation nanomaterials: advancing ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Next-Generation Nanomedicine Approaches for the Management of Retinal Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Innovative Strategies for Drug Delivery to the Ocular Posterior Segment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles delivering rapamycin for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2022Article
- Novel Eye Drop Delivery Systems: Advance on Formulation Design Strategies Targeting Anterior and Posterior Segments of the Eye.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Intravenous route to choroidal neovascularization by macrophage-disguised nanocarriers for mTOR modulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Posaconazole micelles for ocular delivery: in vitro permeation, ocular irritation and antifungal activity studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Article
- A Review on Newer Ocular Drug Delivery Systems with an Emphasis on Glaucoma.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2021Review
- Nanomicelles: Types, properties and applications in drug delivery.IET nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- Hyaluronic Acid-Targeted Stimuli-Sensitive Nanomicelles Co-Encapsulating Paclitaxel and Ritonavir to Overcome Multi-Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Self-Assembling Tacrolimus Nanomicelles for Retinal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a clear, aqueous rapamycin-loaded mixed nanomicellar formulations (MNFs) for the back-of-the-eye delivery. MNF of rapamycin (0.2%) was prepared with vitamin E tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) (Vit E TPGS) and octoxynol-40 (Oc-40) as polymeric matrix. MNF was characterized by various parameters such as size, charge, shape, and viscosity. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) was used to identify unentrapped rapamycin in MNF. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human retinal pigment epithelial (D407) and rabbit primary corneal epithelial cells (rPCECs). In vivo posterior ocular rapamycin distribution studies were conducted in male New Zealand white rabbits. The optimized MNF has excellent rapamycin entrapment and loading efficiency. The average size of MNF was 10.98 ± 0.089 and 10.84 ± 0.11 nm for blank and rapamycin-loaded MNF, respectively. TEM analysis revealed that nanomicelles are spherical in shape. Absence of free rapamycin in the MNF was confirmed by (1)H NMR studies. Neither placebo nor rapamycin-loaded MNF produced cytotoxicity on D407 and rPCECs indicating formulations are tolerable. In vivo studies demonstrated a very high rapamycin concentration in retina-choroid (362.35 ± 56.17 ng/g tissue). No drug was identified in the vitreous humor indicating the sequestration of rapamycin in lipoidal retinal tissues. In summary, a clear, aqueous MNF comprising of Vit E TPGS and Oc-40 loaded with rapamycin was successfully developed. Back-of-the-eye tissue distribution studies demonstrated a very high rapamycin levels in retina-choroid (place of drug action) with a negligible drug partitioning into vitreous humor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.