ArticleMucosal immunology2015
Cholera toxin adjuvant promotes a balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 response independently of IL-12 and IL-17 by acting on Gsα in CD11b⁺ DCs.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot clinical trial of a near-infrared laser vaccine adjuvant: safety, tolerability, and cutaneous immune cell trafficking.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Trial
- Synthetic Ligands of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- DOCK8 and STAT3 cooperate to restrain IgE-inducing T follicular helper cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting murine metastatic cancers with cholera toxin A1-adjuvanted peptide vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- A new experimental model of peanut allergy in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Article
- Genetic background and microbiome drive susceptibility to epicutaneous sensitization and food allergy in adjuvant-free mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Meta-omics profiling of the gut-lung axis illuminates metabolic networks and host-microbial interactions associated with elevated lung elastance in a murine model of obese allergic asthma.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Article
- Article
- Mucosal Adjuvants Delivered by a Mucoadhesive Patch for Sublingual Administration of Subunit Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Enhanced Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Microparticulate HPV16 Vaccines Administered via the Transdermal Route.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Conserved metabolic enzymes as vaccine antigens for giardiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- House dust mite exposure enhances immune responses to ovalbumin-induced intestinal allergy.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- KDP, a Lactobacilli Product from Kimchi, Enhances Mucosal Immunity by Increasing Secretory IgA in Mice and Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Intestinal lysozyme releases Nod2 ligand(s) to promote the intestinal mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin.Science China. Life sciences · 2021Article
- Using Adjuvants to Drive T Cell Responses for Next-Generation Infectious Disease Vaccines.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Characterization of the Immune Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Cholera-Toxin-BasedVaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Divergent T follicular helper cell requirement for IgA and IgE production to peanut during allergic sensitization.Science immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite an extensive literature on the mechanism of action of cholera toxin (CT), we still lack critical information about how the toxin acts as an adjuvant and, especially, which dendritic cells (DCs) are the target cells. Although a T helper type 2 (Th2)-skewing effect of CT is most commonly reported, effective priming of Th17 cells as well as suppression of Th1 responses are well documented. However, the ability of CT to block interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) function and interleukin (IL)-12 production in DCs, which blocks CD8α DC and Th1 cell development, is inconsistent with priming of Th1 and CD8 T cells in many other reports. This prompted us to investigate the adjuvant effect of CT in wild-type, IL-12p40-/-, Batf3-/-, and IL-17A-/- mice and in mice that selectively lack the Gsα target protein for CT adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation in DCs. We found that CT promoted Th1 priming independently of IL-12, and whereas Th2 and also Th17 responses were augmented, the gut IgA responses did not require IL-17A. Adjuvanticity was intact in Batf3-/- mice, lacking CD8α(+) DCs, but completely lost in mice with Gsα-deficient CD11c cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that the adjuvant effect requires Gsα expression in CD11b(+) DCs, and that priming of mucosal IgA and CD4 T cells appears unbiased and is independent of IL-12 and IL-17A.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.