ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2014
Laser vaccine adjuvants. History, progress, and potential.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot clinical trial of a near-infrared laser vaccine adjuvant: safety, tolerability, and cutaneous immune cell trafficking.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Trial
- Photothermal interaction of a 1927 nm Thulium laser with MatriDerm: an in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- From Photosynthesis to Photobiomodulation: Expanding the Therapeutic Potential of Light.Journal of stem cells & regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Personalized immunization to optimize vaccine immunogenicity: exploring the multidimensional effects of host intrinsic factors, external intervention strategies, and the external environment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Near-Infrared II Photobiomodulation Preconditioning Ameliorates Stroke Injury via Phosphorylation of eNOS.Stroke · 2024Article
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Photobiomodulation and nitric oxide signaling.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2023Review
- Effective adjuvantation of nanograms of influenza vaccine and induction of cross-protective immunity by physical radiofrequency adjuvant.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Dual near-infrared II laser modulates the cellular redox state of T cells and augments the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Near-infrared II photobiomodulation augments nitric oxide bioavailability via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Combinatorial Herpes Simplex Vaccine Strategies: From Bedside to Bench and Back.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- 1270 nm near-infrared light as a novel vaccine adjuvant acts on mitochondrial photoreception in intradermal vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Brief exposure of skin to near-infrared laser augments early vaccine responses.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhance the Immune Response to OVA Antigen in BALB/c Mice.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Near-infrared fluorescence imaging in immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Review
- Phototherapy as a Rational Antioxidant Treatment Modality in COVID-19 Management; New Concept and Strategic Approach: Critical Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Comparison of Nd:YAG laser (532 nm green) vs diode laser (810 nm) photocoagulation in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: an evaluation in terms of complications.Lasers in medical science · 2020Article
- High-throughput single-cell live imaging of photobiomodulation with multispectral near-infrared lasers in cultured T cells.Journal of biomedical optics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunologic adjuvants are essential for current vaccines to maximize their efficacy. Unfortunately, few have been found to be sufficiently effective and safe for regulatory authorities to permit their use in vaccines for humans and none have been approved for use with intradermal vaccines. The development of new adjuvants with the potential to be both efficacious and safe constitutes a significant need in modern vaccine practice. The use of non-damaging laser light represents a markedly different approach to enhancing immune responses to a vaccine antigen, particularly with intradermal vaccination. This approach, which was initially explored in Russia and further developed in the US, appears to significantly improve responses to both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines administered to the laser-exposed tissue, particularly the skin. Although different types of lasers have been used for this purpose and the precise molecular mechanism(s) of action remain unknown, several approaches appear to modulate dendritic cell trafficking and/or activation at the irradiation site via the release of specific signaling molecules from epithelial cells. The most recent study, performed by the authors of this review, utilized a continuous wave near-infrared laser that may open the path for the development of a safe, effective, low-cost, simple-to-use laser vaccine adjuvant that could be used in lieu of conventional adjuvants, particularly with intradermal vaccines. In this review, we summarize the initial Russian studies that have given rise to this approach and comment upon recent advances in the use of non-tissue damaging lasers as novel physical adjuvants for vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.