ArticleJournal of anatomy2015
Form and function of the intervertebral disc in health and disease: a morphological and stain comparison study.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Supplemental nucleus pulposus allograft in patients with lumbar discogenic pain: results of a prospective feasibility study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Newly identified intervertebral fat pad degenerates after intervertebral disc injury in a rat model of degeneration.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Deletion of aJOR spine · 2026Article
- Article
- Harnessing CRISPR potential for intervertebral disc regeneration strategies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks.JOR spine · 2024Review
- Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicle-based gene therapy for the treatment of discogenic back pain.Biomaterials · 2024Article
- Does Vitamin K2 Influence the Interplay between Diabetes Mellitus and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in a Rat Model?Nutrients · 2023Article
- Galectin-3 and RAGE differentially control advanced glycation endproduct-induced collagen damage in murine intervertebral disc organ culture.JOR spine · 2023Article
- Differentiating Lumbar Spinal Etiology from Peripheral Plexopathies.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The role of PIEZO ion channels in the musculoskeletal system.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2023Review
- Pericellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Role in regulating the biosynthetic response of nucleus pulposus cells to osmotic loading.JOR spine · 2022Article
- Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- Article
- Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their chondroprogenitor derivatives reduced pain and inflammation signaling and promote regeneration in a rat intervertebral disc degeneration model.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- Article
- Computational Challenges in Tissue Engineering for the Spine.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Bleomycin induces fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells to treat height loss of intervertebral disc through the TGFβR1/Smad2/3 pathway.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple histologic measurements are commonly used to assess degenerative changes in intervertebral disc (IVD) structure; however, there is no consensus on which stains offer the clearest visualization of specific areas within the IVD. The objective of this study was to compare multiple tinctorial stains, evaluate their ability to highlight structural features within the IVD, and investigate how they influence the capacity to implement a degeneration scoring system. Lumbar IVDs from seven human autopsy specimens were stained using six commonly used stains (Hematoxylin/Eosin, Toluidine Blue, Safranin-O/Fast Green, Extended FAST, modified Gomori's Trichrome, and Picrosirius Red Alcian Blue). All IVDs were evaluated by three separate graders to independently determine which stains (i) were most effective at discerning different structural features within different regions of the IVDs and (ii) allowed for the most reproducible assessment of degeneration grade, as assessed via the Rutges histological scoring system (Rutges et al. A validated new histological classification for intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 21, 2039-47). Although Trichrome, XFAST and PR/AB stains were all effective at highlighting different regions of whole IVDs, we recommend the use of PR/AB because it had the highest degree of rater agreement on assigned degeneration grade, allowed greater resolution of degeneration grade, has an inferential relationship between color and composition, and allowed clear differentiation of the different regions and structural disruptions within the IVD. The use of a standard set of stains together with a histological grading scheme can aid in the characterization of structural changes in different regions of the IVD and may simplify comparisons across the field. This collection of human IVD histological images highlights how IVD degeneration is not a single disease but a composite of multiple processes such as aging, injury, repair, and disease, each of which are unique to the individual.
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