ArticleDevelopment and psychopathology2014
Sensitizing effect of early adversity on depressive reactions to later proximal stress: Moderation by polymorphisms in serotonin transporter and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor genes in a 20-year longitudinal study.
Article in Development and psychopathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specificity of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depressive disorders - umbrella review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Links of Adversity in Childhood With Mental and Physical Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of maltreatment on coping and emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review.Child abuse & neglect · 2020Pooled it
- Stress and mental health in older adulthood: testing linear dose-response and steeling effects of early-life adversity.European journal of ageing · 2026Article
- The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent social adjustment following childhood abuse: the moderation of the serotonergic multilocus genetic variation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Relationship Between Family Economic Hardship, Peer Victimization, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of the COMT Gene rs4680 Polymorphism.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Coping With Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review of Adaptive Strategies Across Cancer, COPD, Diabetes and Heart Disease.Public health challenges · 2025Review
- The influence of serotonergic multilocus genetic variants and parent-child relationship on adolescent creativity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review: Preventing Psychopathology in the Digital Age: Leveraging Technology to Target Coping and Emotion Regulation in Adolescents.JAACAP open · 2024Review
- The Effect of Peer Relationships on Adolescent Loneliness: The Role of Psychological Resilience and the OXTR Gene.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- Examining the Relationships between the Incidence of Infectious Diseases and Mood Disorders: An Analysis of Data from the Global Burden of Disease Studies, 1990-2019.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Two Different Mismatches: Integrating the Developmental and the Evolutionary-Mismatch Hypothesis.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Review
- Does stress predict the development of internalizing symptoms in middle childhood? An examination of additive, mediated, and moderated effects of early family stress, daily interpersonal stress, and physiological stress.Developmental psychology · 2022Article
- Comparing the Psychological Effects of Manikin-Based and Augmented Reality-Based Simulation Training: Within-Subjects Crossover Study.JMIR medical education · 2022Article
- Transdiagnostic and functional predictors of depression severity and trajectory in the Penn state psychiatry clinical assessment and rating evaluation system (PCARES) registry.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- HPA-axis multilocus genetic profile score moderates the association between maternal prenatal perceived stress and offspring depression in early adulthood.Development and psychopathology · 2021Article
- Why Depressed Mood is Adaptive: A Numerical Proof of Principle for an Evolutionary Systems Theory of Depression.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Gay-Specific and General Stressors Predict Gay Men's Psychological Functioning Over Time.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Plasticity of the Reward Circuitry After Early-Life Adversity: Mechanisms and Significance.Biological psychiatry · 2020Review
- Association BetweenFrontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous research supports gene-environment interactions for polymorphisms in the corticotropin hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) and the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in predicting depression, but it has rarely considered genetic influences on stress sensitization processes, whereby early adversities (EA) increase depressive reactivity to proximal stressors later in life. The current study tested a gene-environment-environment interaction (G × E × E; specifically, gene-EA-proximal stress interaction) model of depression in a 20-year longitudinal study. Participants were assessed prospectively for EA up to age 5 and recent chronic stress and depressive symptoms at age 20 and genotyped for CRHR1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs110402 and 5-HTTLPR. EA predicted stronger associations between recent chronic stress and depression, and the effect was moderated by genes. CRHR1 A alleles and 5-HTTLPR short alleles were associated with greater stress sensitization (i.e., greater depressive reactivity to chronic stress for those also exposed to high levels of EA). The results are consistent with the notion that EA exposure results in neurobiological and cognitive-emotional consequences (e.g., altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning), leading to emotional distress in the face of recent stressors among those with certain genetic characteristics, although further research is needed to explore explanatory mechanisms.
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Registered trials
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