ArticleInfection and immunity2015
Acquisition of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and malaria immunity in young children and the influence of age, force of infection, and magnitude of response.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Human Antibodies AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- IgG antibody response against Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase 1 antigen in Gabonese children living in Makokou and Franceville.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Differential Patterns of IgG Subclass Responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Elevated Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion in HbAC and HbAS red blood cells in naturally infected malaria patients.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Pf41 serological profiling reveals potential malaria exposure in low transmission setting in the Menoreh Hills, Central Java, Indonesia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- The N-terminal region of malaria vaccine candidate asparagine-rich merozoite antigen is immunodominant and targeted by polyreactive antibodies.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of Plasmodium vivax-specific antibody responses among short-term Myanmar migrants in Thailand.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Clearance of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Positive Plasmodium vivax Parasitemia in Northwestern Thailand: An Epidemiological Perspective.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The N-terminal region of malaria vaccine candidatebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Clinical malaria in three ecological zones in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Increased Plasmodium falciparum EBA175RIII-V antibody titres despite a 13-month malaria mass testing, treatment, and tracking intervention in a high malaria endemic community in Ghana.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Overview of the host immune response toJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Review
- Genetic polymorphism of msp2 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates among asymptomatic malaria infections from two ecological settings in Cameroon.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Marked heterogeneity in malaria infection rate in a Malian longitudinal cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Antibody correlates of risk of clinical malaria in an area of low and unstable malaria transmission in western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Atypical memory B cells from natural malaria infection produced broadly neutralizing antibodies against Plasmodium vivax variants.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Cross-reactivity of rPvs48/45, a recombinant Plasmodium vivax protein, with plasma from Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas of Africa.PloS one · 2025Article
- Principal component analysis of the Serological response to Plasmodium Falciparum using a Multiplex bead-based assay in Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Plasmodium Falciparum and mosquito vector IgG patterns across suspected malaria cases in Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals in areas of Plasmodium falciparum endemicity develop immunity to malaria after repeated exposure. Knowledge of the acquisition and nature of protective immune responses to P. falciparum is presently limited, particularly for young children. We examined antibodies (IgM, IgG, and IgG subclasses) to merozoite antigens and their relationship to the prospective risk of malaria in children 1 to 4 years of age in a region of malaria endemicity in Papua New Guinea. IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 responses generally increased with age, were higher in children with active infection, and reflected geographic heterogeneity in malaria transmission. Antigenic properties, rather than host factors, appeared to be the main determinant of the type of IgG subclass produced. High antibody levels were not associated with protection from malaria; in contrast, they were typically associated with an increased risk of malaria. Adjustment for malaria exposure, using a novel molecular measure of the force of infection by P. falciparum, accounted for much of the increased risk, suggesting that the antibodies were markers of higher exposure to P. falciparum. Comparisons between antibodies in this cohort of young children and in a longitudinal cohort of older children suggested that the lack of protective association was explained by lower antibody levels among young children and that there is a threshold level of antibodies required for protection from malaria. Our results suggest that in populations with low immunity, such as young children, antibodies to merozoite antigens may act as biomarkers of malaria exposure and that, with increasing exposure and responses of higher magnitude, antibodies may act as biomarkers of protective immunity.
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