ArticleNature communications2014
Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity.
Article in Nature communications, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 437 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
437 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 765 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in host-parasite interactions: a bibliometric review of mechanisms, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug delivery (2015-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
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- MSC EVs Deliver miRNAs into Cardiomyocytes via EIPA-Sensitive and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Long noncoding RNAs cross kingdoms to broaden host-pathogen dialogue.Cell research · 2026Article
- Anisakiasis: A Decade of Molecular and Diagnostic Advancements (2015-2026).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting IL-33 in Precision Neuroimmunology: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for CNS Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Bacterial remnants in chloroplast RNA induce immune responses via mouse TLR13 and human TLR7.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Molecular characterisation of extracellular vesicles released by Strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae isolated from a clinical sample.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- FungiSNC: An integrated database for fungi small non-coding RNAs based on high-throughput sequencing.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Lessons on multicellular two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture in parasitology: Insights, challenges and future directions.International journal for parasitology · 2026Review
- Localization and Functional Analysis of CtLTP8, an Extracellular Vesicle Protein That Enhances Resistance toPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals an Extracellular Worm Argonaute as an Ancestral Regulator of LTR Retrotransposons.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Plant pathogenic nematode exosomes remodel vector tracheae to enhance pathogen transmission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Current and emerging molecular diagnostic approaches in the detection of human parasites.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- Cross-kingdom RNAi: a universal mechanism of inter-organismal communication with many unknowns.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Circular RNAs: An Under-Recognized Part in Different Scenarios of Host-Parasite Interrelationships.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The dual role of intestinal parasites in shaping human gut microbiota: distinguishing helminthic and protozoan dynamics.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Hookworm genes encoding intestinal excreted-secreted proteins are transcriptionally upregulated in response to the host's immune system.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Nuclear import of malaria RNA rewires splicing in host immune cells.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Peritoneal exosomes mediate activation of CD4Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
377 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In mammalian systems RNA can move between cells via vesicles. Here we demonstrate that the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which infects mice, secretes vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs) and Y RNAs as well as a nematode Argonaute protein. These vesicles are of intestinal origin and are enriched for homologues of mammalian exosome proteins. Administration of the nematode exosomes to mice suppresses Type 2 innate responses and eosinophilia induced by the allergen Alternaria. Microarray analysis of mouse cells incubated with nematode exosomes in vitro identifies Il33r and Dusp1 as suppressed genes, and Dusp1 can be repressed by nematode miRNAs based on a reporter assay. We further identify miRNAs from the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis in the serum of infected mice, suggesting that miRNA secretion into host tissues is conserved among parasitic nematodes. These results reveal exosomes as another mechanism by which helminths manipulate their hosts and provide a mechanistic framework for RNA transfer between animal species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.