Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25421558›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2015

Drug-Induced Reduction in Albuminuria Is Associated with Subsequent Renoprotection: A Meta-Analysis.

Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink, Tobias F Kröpelin, Jarno Hoekman, Dick de Zeeuw, Reducing Albuminuria as Surrogate Endpoint (REASSURE) Consortium

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07175051 (Targeting the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell-Related Kidney Disease Using the SGLT2 Inhibitors, Empagliflozin), which is not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
12.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07175051 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Targeting the Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell-Related Kidney Disease Using the SGLT2 Inhibitors, Empagliflozin

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoRan2026 to 2030Enrolled20ConditionsSickle Cell Anemia (HbSS, or HbSβ-thalassemia0), AlbuminuriaArmsEmpagliflozin (oral)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Guideline
  5. Pooled it
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  7. Guideline
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  9. Pooled it
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  12. Trial
  13. Finerenone in People with CKD, Type 2 Diabetes, and History of Nephrectomy.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026
    Trial
  14. Trial
  15. COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint (CONFIDENCE) trial: baseline clinical characteristics.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025 · on this map
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  18. Prostacyclin analog beraprost sodium efficacy in primary glomerular disease or nephrosclerosis: Analysis of the Japanese subgroup in CASSIOPEIR study.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2021
    Trial
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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hiddo J Lambers HeerspinkDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands h.j.lambers.heerspink@umcg.nl.
Tobias F KröpelinDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jarno HoekmanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Dick de ZeeuwDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Reducing Albuminuria as Surrogate Endpoint (REASSURE) Consortium
University of Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Albuminuria has been proposed as a surrogate end point in randomized clinical trials of renal disease progression. Most evidence comes from observational analyses showing that treatment-induced short-term changes in albuminuria correlate with risk change for ESRD. However, such studies are prone to selection bias and residual confounding. To minimize this bias, we performed a meta-analysis of clinical trials to correlate the placebo-corrected drug effect on albuminuria and ESRD to more reliably delineate the association between changes in albuminuria and ESRD. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for clinical trials reported between 1950 and April 2014. Included trials had a mean follow-up of ≥1000 patient-years, reported ESRD outcomes, and measured albuminuria at baseline and during follow-up. Twenty-one clinical trials involving 78,342 patients and 4183 ESRD events were included. Median time to first albuminuria measurement was 6 months. Fourteen trials tested the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system inhibitors and seven trials tested other interventions. We observed variability across trials in the treatment effect on albuminuria (range, -1.3% to -32.1%) and ESRD (range, -55% to +35% risk change). Meta-regression analysis revealed that the placebo-adjusted treatment effect on albuminuria significantly correlated with the treatment effect on ESRD: for each 30% reduction in albuminuria, the risk of ESRD decreased by 23.7% (95% confidence interval, 11.4% to 34.2%; P=0.001). The association was consistent regardless of drug class (P=0.73) or other patient or trial characteristics. These findings suggest albuminuria may be a valid substitute for ESRD in many circumstances, even taking into account possible other drug-specific effects that may alter renal outcomes.

Indexed as

AlbuminuriaBiomarkersHumansKidney Failure, ChronicBiomarkersalbuminuriaclinical trialESRDproteinuria

Identifiers

PMID25421558
PMCPMC4520175
OpenAlexW2153037249

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.