ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Immune markers characteristic for asymptomatically infected and diseased Entamoeba histolytica individuals and their relation to sex.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota-specific serum IgG links gut and joints through immune-endothelial crosstalk in arthritis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Entamoeba histolytica extracellular vesicles drive pro-inflammatory monocyte signaling.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and safety of anHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Amebic liver abscess: An update.World journal of hepatology · 2024Review
- Interleukin 10 (IL-10) Production and Seroprevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The systemic anti-microbiota IgG repertoire can identify gut bacteria that translocate across gut barrier surfaces.Science translational medicine · 2022Article
- Monocyte dysregulation: consequences for hepatic infections.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Giant Amoebic Liver Abscess: A Rare Diagnosis in a Rural Setting of Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of parasitology research · 2021Article
- A case report of ruptured amoebic liver abscess causing cardiac tamponade and requiring pericardial window.European heart journal. Case reports · 2020Article
- Androgens predispose males to monocyte-mediated immunopathology by inducing the expression of leukocyte recruitment factor CXCL1.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Review
- Host-antibody inductivity of virulent Entamoeba histolytica and non-virulent Entamoeba moshkovskii in a mouse model.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Androgen-dependent immune modulation in parasitic infection.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Article
- Entamoeba Histolytica: Updates in Clinical Manifestation, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Development.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Review
- Underestimated Amoebic Appendicitis among HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Japan.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2017Article
- The cytokine profile of human NKT cells and PBMCs is dependent on donor sex and stimulus.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
- Amebic Liver Abscess in Israeli Travelers: A Retrospective Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Observational
- Immune Response of Amebiasis and Immune Evasion by Entamoeba histolytica.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) usually asymptomatically colonizes the human intestine. In the minority of the cases, the parasite evades from the gut and can induce severe symptoms like colitis or amebic liver abscess (ALA). Interestingly, ALA predominates in adult men despite a higher prevalence of the parasite in women. The present study aimed to identify characteristic serum markers in a unique cohort of clearly defined asymptomatically infected E. histolytica individuals in comparison to patients with an E. histolytica liver manifestation of both sex.
methodsThe following study groups were investigated: ALA patients (n = 38), healthy asymptomatic E. histolytica carriers (AC) (n = 44), and healthy E. dispar-infected controls (n = 24) out of an amebiasis endemic area. E. histolytica-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the IgG subclasses against proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous amebic antigens were measured by ELISA. Serum cytokine and chemokine levels were investigated using a flow cytometry bead-based multiplex immunoassay.
resultsThe IgG results revealed that not only ALA patients, but also AC, developed high E. histolytica-specific titers of IgG and all IgG subclasses as well as IgA. IgG and IgG2 titers against the glycolipid E. histolytica lipophosphoglycan were highest in ALA patients. As in ALA patients, high cytokine levels of interleukin (IL-) 4 were detected in AC compared to E. dispar infected individuals, while IL-6 was exclusively elevated in ALA patients. IL-10 was lower in AC compared to ALA patients. Equal serum levels of CCL2 were found in all study groups but ALA patients showed decreased levels of CCL3. Sex dependent analysis of the data indicated significantly higher IgG and IgG1 titers in female AC compared to male AC. CCL2, the chemokine involved in immunopathology in the mouse model for the disease, was higher in male AC compared to female AC.
conclusionIn this study we characterize for the first time an asymptomatic carrier stage in amebiasis that is associated with a significant immune reaction and provide immunological markers that might give first hints towards an understanding of immune mechanisms underlying the control or development of invasive amebiasis.
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