SynthesisBMC medicine2014
Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 23 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 23 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 358 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between dairy intake and multiple health outcomes: a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A scoping review of the health effects of fermented foods in specific human populations and their potential role in precision nutrition: current knowledge and gaps.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Yogurt consumption and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD and cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Consumption of Dairy Products and the Risk of Overweight or Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
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- Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Fermented Dairy Products, Probiotic Supplementation, and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: ADose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- The role of gut micorbiome in obesity and diabetes.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2019Pooled it
- Dairy Products: Is There an Impact on Promotion of Prostate Cancer? A Review of the Literature.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review of the effect of yogurt consumption on chronic diseases risk markers in adults.European journal of nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- Dairy consumption, systolic blood pressure, and risk of hypertension: Mendelian randomization study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
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- Systematic Review of the Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular-Related Clinical Outcomes.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2016Pooled it
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104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relation between consumption of different types of dairy and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between total dairy and individual types of dairy consumptions and incident T2D in US adults.
methodsWe followed 41,436 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2010), 67,138 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1980 to 2010), and 85,884 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991 to 2009). Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every four years. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire.
resultsDuring 3,984,203 person-years of follow-up, we documented 15,156 incident T2D cases. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, total dairy consumption was not associated with T2D risk and the pooled hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of T2D for one serving/day increase in total dairy was 0.99 (0.98, 1.01). Among different types of dairy products, neither low-fat nor high-fat dairy intake was appreciably associated with risk of T2D. However, yogurt intake was consistently and inversely associated with T2D risk across the three cohorts with the pooled HR of 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) for one serving/day increment (P for trend <0.001). We conducted a meta-analysis of 14 prospective cohorts with 459,790 participants and 35,863 incident T2D cases; the pooled relative risks (RRs) (95% CIs) were 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) and 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) for one serving total dairy/day and one serving yogurt/day, respectively.
conclusionsHigher intake of yogurt is associated with a reduced risk of T2D, whereas other dairy foods and consumption of total dairy are not appreciably associated with incidence of T2D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.