ArticlePloS one2014
Extracellular mycobacterial DnaK polarizes macrophages to the M2-like phenotype.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage states and polarization duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Targeting the Neuro-Immune Axis in Next-Generation Oncology: Discovery and Validation of βOncology research · 2026Review
- Article
- Mycoplasma DnaK increases DNA copy number variants in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The Pro-Tumorigenic Role of Chemotherapy-Induced Extracellular HSP70 from Breast Cancer Cells via Intratumoral Macrophages.Cancers · 2023Article
- Macrophage: A Cell With Many Faces and Functions in Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Macrophage Polarity and Disease Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Untangling Local Pro-Inflammatory, Reparative, and Regulatory Damage-Associated Molecular-Patterns (DAMPs) Pathways to Improve Transplant Outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Hacking the host: exploitation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacterial pathogens.Pathogens and disease · 2020Review
- HMGN2 regulates non-tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Inflammation: A key process in skin tumorigenesis.Oncology letters · 2019Review
- March1-dependent modulation of donor MHC II on CD103Nature communications · 2018Article
- Proteogenomic Analysis and Discovery of Immune Antigens inMolecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2017Article
- Azithromycin AttenuatesFrontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Modulation of Alloimmunity by Heat Shock Proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Pathological concentrations of homocysteine increases IL-1β production in macrophages in a P2X7, NF-ĸB, and erk-dependent manner.Purinergic signalling · 2015Article
- NMAAP1 Expressed in BCG-Activated Macrophage Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization.Molecules and cells · 2015Article
- Selective enrichment of mycobacterial proteins from infected host macrophages.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Inflammation markers in cutaneous melanoma - edgy biomarkers for prognosis.Discoveries (Craiova, Romania) · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are myeloid cells that play an essential role in inflammation and host defense, regulating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can polarize to two distinct phenotypes. The M1 phenotype is activated by IFN-γ and bacterial products, and displays an inflammatory profile, while M2 macrophages are activated by IL-4 and tend to be anti-inflammatory or immunosupressive. It was observed that DnaK from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has immunosuppressive properties, inducing a tolerogenic phenotype in dendritic cells and MDSCs, contributing to graft acceptance and tumor growth. However, its role in macrophage polarization remains to be elucidated. We asked whether DnaK was able to modulate macrophage phenotype. Murine macrophages, derived from bone marrow, or from the peritoneum, were incubated with DnaK and their phenotype compared to M1 or M2 polarized macrophages. Treatment with DnaK leads macrophages to present higher arginase I activity, IL-10 production and FIZZ1 and Ym1 expression. Furthermore, DnaK increased surface levels of CD206. Importantly, DnaK-treated macrophages were able to promote tumor growth in an allogeneic melanoma model. Our results suggest that DnaK polarizes macrophages to the M2-like phenotype and could constitute a virulence factor and is an important immunomodulator of macrophage responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.