Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25419466›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2014

Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Positive Bacteria.

Kathryn L Nawrocki, Emily K Crispell, Shonna M McBride

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A functionally selectedApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
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  11. A functionally selectedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kathryn L NawrockiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; knawroc@emory.edu (K.L.N.); ecrispell@emory.edu (E.K.C.).
Emily K CrispellDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; knawroc@emory.edu (K.L.N.); ecrispell@emory.edu (E.K.C.).
Shonna M McBrideDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; knawroc@emory.edu (K.L.N.); ecrispell@emory.edu (E.K.C.).

Funding

Antimicrobial Resistance and Therapeutic Discovery Training ProgramT32AI106699 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Graeme L Conn, Joanna B Goldberg · 2014 to 2026
$2.7M
Molecular Mechanisms of Clostridium difficile Resistance to Innate Host DefensesK01DK087763 · NIDDK · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI MCBRIDE, SHONNA M. · 2011 to 2015
$713k
Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Epidemic Clostridium difficile InfectionsR03DK101870 · NIDDK · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI MCBRIDE, SHONNA M. · 2014 to 2015
$156k
NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI106699NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK087763NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK101870
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides, or AMPs, play a significant role in many environments as a tool to remove competing organisms. In response, many bacteria have evolved mechanisms to resist these peptides and prevent AMP-mediated killing. The development of AMP resistance mechanisms is driven by direct competition between bacterial species, as well as host and pathogen interactions. Akin to the number of different AMPs found in nature, resistance mechanisms that have evolved are just as varied and may confer broad-range resistance or specific resistance to AMPs. Specific mechanisms of AMP resistance prevent AMP-mediated killing against a single type of AMP, while broad resistance mechanisms often lead to a global change in the bacterial cell surface and protect the bacterium from a large group of AMPs that have similar characteristics. AMP resistance mechanisms can be found in many species of bacteria and can provide a competitive edge against other bacterial species or a host immune response. Gram-positive bacteria are one of the largest AMP producing groups, but characterization of Gram-positive AMP resistance mechanisms lags behind that of Gram-negative species. In this review we present a summary of the AMP resistance mechanisms that have been identified and characterized in Gram-positive bacteria. Understanding the mechanisms of AMP resistance in Gram-positive species can provide guidelines in developing and applying AMPs as therapeutics, and offer insight into the role of resistance in bacterial pathogenesis.

Indexed as

AMPantimicrobialantimicrobial peptideClostridium difficileresistance

Identifiers

PMID25419466
PMCPMC4239024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.