Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25418513›Full record

ReviewCurrent cardiology reviews2015

Disparities in cardiovascular disease risk in the United States.

Garth Graham

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current cardiology reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 261 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
261citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

261 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 417 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024
    Pooled it
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  5. Guideline
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
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  9. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of acupuncture for angina in an underserved diverse population.Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society · 2022
    Trial
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  11. Trial
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Peer racial representation at school, social experiences, and inflammation among Black adolescents.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Response to Orthostasis in Somali Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

201 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Garth GrahamUniversity of Florida Department of Medicine, PO Box 100227, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. garth.graham@medicine.ufl.edu.
University of Florida · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature on the current science and evidence of population-level differences in risk factors for heart disease among different racial and ethnic population in the United States (U.S.). It begins by discussing the importance of population-level risk assessment of heart disease in light of the growth rate of specific minority populations in the U.S. It describes the population-level dynamics for racial and ethnic minorities: a higher overall prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease that are unrecognized and therefore not treated, which increases their likelihood of experiencing adverse outcome and, therefore, potentially higher morbidity and mortality. It discusses the rate of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in minority communities. Minority patients with ACS are at greater risk of myocardial infarction (MI), rehospitalization, and death from ACS. They also are less likely than non-minority patients to receive potentially beneficial treatments such as angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. This paper looks at the data surrounding the increased rate of heart disease in racial and ethnic minorities, where the risk is related to the prevalence of comorbidities with hypertension or diabetes mellitus, which, in combination with environmental factors, may largely explain CHF disparity. The conclusion is that it is essential that healthcare providers understand these various communities, including nuances in disease presentation, risk factors, and treatment among different racial and ethnic groups. Awareness of these communities' attributes, as well as differences in incidence, risk factor burdens, prognosis and treatment are necessary to mitigate racial and ethnic disparities in heart disease.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCost of IllnessDiabetes MellitusHumansHypertensionPrognosisRisk FactorsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID25418513
PMCPMC4558355
OpenAlexW2200657718

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.