Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25418467›Full record

ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2015

Contribution of Toll-like receptors to the control of hepatitis B virus infection by initiating antiviral innate responses and promoting specific adaptive immune responses.

Zhiyong Ma, Ejuan Zhang, Dongliang Yang, Mengji Lu

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Zhiyong Ma1] Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Ejuan ZhangWuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Dongliang YangDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Mengji LuInstitute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
University of Duisburg-Essen · DEHuazhong University of Science and Technology · CNWuhan Institute of Virology · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well accepted that adaptive immunity plays a key role in the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In contrast, the contribution of innate immunity has only received attention in recent years. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense pathogen-associated molecule patterns and activate antiviral mechanisms, including intracellular antiviral pathways and the production of antiviral effector interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Experimental results from in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated that TLRs mediate the activation of cellular signaling pathways and the production of antiviral cytokines, resulting in a suppression of HBV replication. However, HBV infection is associated with downregulation of TLR expression on host cells and blockade of the activation of downstream signaling pathways. In primary HBV infection, TLRs may slow down HBV infection, but contribute only indirectly to viral clearance. Importantly, TLRs may modulate HBV-specific T- and B-cell responses in vivo, which are essential for the termination of HBV infection. Thus, TLR agonists are promising candidates to act as immunomodulators for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Antiviral treatment may recover TLR expression and function in chronic HBV infection and may increase the efficacy of therapeutic approaches based on TLR activation. A combined therapeutic strategy with antiviral treatment and TLR activation could facilitate the restoration of HBV-specific immune responses and thereby, achieve viral clearance in chronically infected HBV patients.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAnimalsAntigens, ViralAntiviral AgentsB-LymphocytesDrug Therapy, CombinationHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B virusHumansImmunity, InnateInterferonsSignal TransductionT-LymphocytesToll-Like ReceptorsVirus ReplicationAntigens, ViralAntiviral AgentsInterferonsToll-Like Receptors

Identifiers

PMID25418467
PMCPMC4654312
OpenAlexW2045707243

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.