ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2015
Substrate uptake and subcellular compartmentation of anoxic cholesterol catabolism in Sterolibacterium denitrificans.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- ATP-dependent hydroxylation of an unactivated primary carbon with water.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Microbial degradation of steroid sex hormones: implications for environmental and ecological studies.Microbial biotechnology · 2020Review
- Unraveling the 17β-Estradiol Degradation Pathway inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
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- Metabolites Involved in Aerobic Degradation of the A and B Rings of Estrogen.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- Bacterial steroid hydroxylases: enzyme classes, their functions and comparison of their catalytic mechanisms.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2018Review
- Functional Characterization of Three Specific Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetases Involved in Anaerobic Cholesterol Degradation in Sterolibacterium denitrificans Chol1S.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Optimization of overexpression of a chaperone protein of steroid C25 dehydrogenase for biochemical and biophysical characterization.Protein expression and purification · 2017Article
- Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal the biochemical mechanisms and phylogenetic relevance of anaerobic androgen biodegradation in the environment.The ISME journal · 2016Article
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- Circulating androgen regulation by androgen-catabolizing gut bacteria in male mouse gut.Gut microbesArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholesterol catabolism by actinobacteria has been extensively studied. In contrast, the uptake and catabolism of cholesterol by Gram-negative species are poorly understood. Here, we investigated microbial cholesterol catabolism at the subcellular level. (13)C metabolomic analysis revealed that anaerobically grown Sterolibacterium denitrificans, a β-proteobacterium, adopts an oxygenase-independent pathway to degrade cholesterol. S. denitrificans cells did not produce biosurfactants upon growth on cholesterol and exhibited high cell surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, S. denitrificans did not produce extracellular catabolic enzymes to transform cholesterol. Accordingly, S. denitrificans accessed cholesterol by direction adhesion. Cholesterol is imported through the outer membrane via a putative FadL-like transport system, which is induced by neutral sterols. The outer membrane steroid transporter is able to selectively import various C27 sterols into the periplasm. S. denitrificans spheroplasts exhibited a significantly higher efficiency in cholest-4-en-3-one-26-oic acid uptake than in cholesterol uptake. We separated S. denitrificans proteins into four fractions, namely the outer membrane, periplasm, inner membrane, and cytoplasm, and we observed the individual catabolic reactions within them. Our data indicated that, in the periplasm, various periplasmic and peripheral membrane enzymes transform cholesterol into cholest-4-en-3-one-26-oic acid. The C27 acidic steroid is then transported into the cytoplasm, in which side-chain degradation and the subsequent sterane cleavage occur. This study sheds light into microbial cholesterol metabolism under anoxic conditions.
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