ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2014
Activating cannabinoid receptor 2 alleviates pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via activation of autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05567653 (Effects of 3-month Probiotic Mix Supplementation), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of 3-month Probiotic Mix Supplementation (L. Helveticus R-0052, B. Longum R-0175) on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome, Endocannabinoid and Immune Systems Activation, Along With Symptoms of Fatigue in Professional Dancers
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Inflammasomes in Neuroimmune and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Pooled it
- Differential Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists on HIV Replication and Inflammatory Activation in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cannabidiol-Induced Autophagy Ameliorates Tau Protein Clearance.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
- The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis and pharmacological application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cannabis use is associated with alterations in NLRP3 inflammasome related gene expression in monocyte-derived macrophages from people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Empagliflozin-activated AMPK elicits neuroprotective properties in reserpine-induced depression via regulating dynamics of hippocampal autophagy/inflammation and PKCζ-mediated neurogenesis.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Mitophagy and cGAS-STING crosstalk in neuroinflammation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Exploring the versatile roles of the endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in modulating bacterial infections.Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- Heteromers Formed by GPR55 and Either Cannabinoid CBInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Galectin-3 Plays a Role in Neuroinflammation in the Visual Pathway in Experimental Optic Neuritis.Cells · 2024Article
- Review
- Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine alleviated colitis by inducing autophagy and inhibiting inflammation.PloS one · 2024Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome and gut dysbiosis as a putative link between HIV-1 infection and ischemic stroke.Trends in neurosciences · 2023Review
- Microglia NLRP3 Inflammasome and Neuroimmune Signaling in Substance Use Disorders.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Gut Protective Effect from D-Methionine or Butyric Acid against DSS and Carrageenan-Induced Ulcerative Colitis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Role of Cannabinoids in CNS Development: Focus on Proliferation and Cell Death.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome's Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases-An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Role of α-synuclein in microglia: autophagy and phagocytosis balance neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsActivation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has been reported to ameliorate the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we examined whether autophagy is involved in the beneficial effect of CB2R on EAE and explored the mechanism with a focus on inflammasome activation.
methodsEAE severity was analyzed with clinical score and histological score stained by hematoxylin and eosin or luxol fast blue in spinal cord. Immunoblot analysis was conducted to detect proteins of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related caspase-1 (Casp-1) and the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β as well as autophagy-related light chain 3 (LC3), and Beciln 1 both in vivo and in vitro. Reverse transcription and real-time PCR were used to detect mRNA of NLRP3, IL-1β and Casp-1. Autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-specific siRNA was transiently transfected in BV2 microglia, and immunofluorescence staining was carried out to detect the expression of NLRP3, caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1.
resultsThe current data indicated that deleting CB2R decreased the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, Beclin 1 and increased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production in the spinal cord of EAE mice, whereas activation of CB2R with a specific agonist HU-308 induced inverse effects. Further study indicated that HU-308 could promote autophagy and inhibit expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in BV2 microglia. Blocking autophagy by ATG5-specific siRNA dismissed the effort of CB2R in mediating NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro.
conclusionCollectively, our results demonstrated for the first time that CB2R plays a protective role in EAE through promoting autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.