ArticlePsychological medicine2015
Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different?
Article in Psychological medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- FIGO best practice recommendations for the mental health of women at menopausal age.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Guideline
- A meta-analysis on the incidence rate of depression in Chinese menopausal women.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Does menopause elevate the risk for developing depression and anxiety? Results from a systematic review.Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2023Pooled it
- Personality traits as risk factors for relapse or recurrence in major depression: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing the spectrum of distress symptoms in midlife women with perimenopausal depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Substitution of Cannabis for Prescribed Medications in the Management of Anxiety and Depression Among Midlife Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
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- Considerations and practical recommendations for identifying perimenopause in longitudinal research.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Menopause and mental health: clinical evidence and public discourse.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2026Review
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- Current evidence and research gaps in menopause management in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review.Endocrine connections · 2025Review
- High glucose induces hippocampal neuron impairment through the SKP1/COX7C pathway: A potential mechanism for perimenopausal depression.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Mechanism of Microbiota-Gut-Brain in Perimenopausal Depression: An Inflammatory Perspective.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- The 2025 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines - Korean Society of Menopause.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025Review
- Associations between lifetime reproductive events among postmenopausal women with bipolar disorder.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- Pelvic floor symptom progression increases risk for depression, while better physical performance is protective in Asian midlife women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The link between sex hormones and depression over a woman's lifespan (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Psychiatric safety associated with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms: a real-world study of the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether lifetime psychiatric and health histories, personality traits, menopausal status and factors that vary over time, e.g. symptoms, are independent risk factors for first-onset or recurrent MDD across 13 annual follow-ups.
methodFour hundred and forty-three women, aged 42-52 years, enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation in Pittsburgh and participated in the Mental Health Study. Psychiatric interviews obtained information on lifetime psychiatric disorders at baseline and on occurrences of MDD episodes annually. Psychosocial and health-related data were collected annually. Cox multivariable analyses were conducted separately for women with and without a MDD history at baseline.
resultsWomen without lifetime MDD at baseline had a lower risk of developing MDD during midlife than those with a prior MDD history (28% v. 59%) and their risk profiles differed. Health conditions prior to baseline and during follow-ups perception of functioning (ps < 0.05) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) (p = 0.08) were risk factors for first lifetime-onset MDD. Being peri- and post-menopausal, psychological symptoms and a prior anxiety disorder were predominant risk factors for MDD recurrence.
conclusionsThe menopausal transition warrants attention as a period of vulnerability to MDD recurrence, while health factors and VMS should be considered important risk factors for first lifetime-onset of MDD during midlife.
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