ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2015
Two Independent HIV Epidemics in Saint Petersburg, Russia Revealed by Molecular Epidemiology.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The key design features and effectiveness of social network interventions for HIV testing and linkage services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- The Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Russia, 1987-2023: Subtypes, Transmission Networks and Phylogenetic Story.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reconstructing the Temporal Origin and the Transmission Dynamics of the HIV Subtype B Epidemic in St. Petersburg, Russia.Viruses · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Oryol Oblast, Russia.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vulnerability among people who use drugs: recommendations for global public health programmes and policies.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Diversity in the Moscow Region, Russia: Phylodynamics of the Most Common Subtypes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Characterization of the Transmitted Virus in an Ongoing HIV-1 Epidemic Driven by Injecting Drug Use.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Polydrug Use and Heterogeneity in HIV Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs in Estonia and Russia: A Latent Class Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- A Cohort Approach to Real-Time Detection of Acute HIV Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Article
- Food Insecurity, HIV Disease Progression and Access to Care Among HIV-Infected Russians not on ART.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Implementation of methadone therapy for opioid use disorder in Russia - a modeled cost-effectiveness analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2017Article
- Correlates of Lifetime History of Purchasing Sex Services by Men in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, Russia.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The HIV epidemic in Russia, one of the world's fastest growing, has been concentrated mostly among people who inject drugs (PWID). We sought to explore the epidemiology of the epidemic in St. Petersburg by sampling from the highest risk groups of PWID and men who have sex with men (MSM) and use viral sequencing data to better understand the nature of the city's epidemic. Serological testing confirmed an HIV prevalence among PWID in excess of 40%. All but 1 of 110 PWID whose blood samples were tested for genetic diversity were infected by subtype A virus, specifically by the AFSU strain. The remaining person was infected with a CRF-06cpx recombinant. Analysis of pairwise genetic distance among all PWID studied revealed an average of 3.1% sequence divergence, suggesting clonal introduction of the AFSU strain and/or constraints on sequence divergence. The HIV prevalence was less than 10% among MSM. All 17 sequences from HIV-infected MSM were found to be a clade B virus with a much higher average sequence diversity of 15.7%. These findings suggest two independent epidemics with little overlap between the two highest at-risk populations, which will require different HIV prevention approaches.
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