Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25417153›Full record

ArticleCell2014

Encoding of both analog- and digital-like behavioral outputs by one C. elegans interneuron.

Zhaoyu Li, Jie Liu, Maohua Zheng, X Z Shawn Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Science advances · 2026
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  9. A multilayered gap junction network is essential for social decision-making.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Journal of biosciences · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Hierarchical behavior control by a single class of interneurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. A hyperpolarizing neuron recruits undocked innexin hemichannels to transmit neural information inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zhaoyu LiLife Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Jie LiuLife Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Maohua ZhengLife Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
X Z Shawn XuLife Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: shawnxu@umich.edu.

Funding

Neural circuits and synaptic mechanisms underlying behavior in C. elegansR01GM083241 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI XU, SHAWN · 2008 to 2017
$3.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083241
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Model organisms usually possess a small nervous system but nevertheless execute a large array of complex behaviors, suggesting that some neurons are likely multifunctional and may encode multiple behavioral outputs. Here, we show that the C. elegans interneuron AIY regulates two distinct behavioral outputs: locomotion speed and direction-switch by recruiting two different circuits. The "speed" circuit is excitatory with a wide dynamic range, which is well suited to encode speed, an analog-like output. The "direction-switch" circuit is inhibitory with a narrow dynamic range, which is ideal for encoding direction-switch, a digital-like output. Both circuits employ the neurotransmitter ACh but utilize distinct postsynaptic ACh receptors, whose distinct biophysical properties contribute to the distinct dynamic ranges of the two circuits. This mechanism enables graded C. elegans synapses to encode both analog- and digital-like outputs. Our studies illustrate how an interneuron in a simple organism encodes multiple behavioral outputs at the circuit, synaptic, and molecular levels.

Indexed as

AcetylcholineAnimalsCaenorhabditis elegansInterneuronsLocomotionMicroscopy, ElectronNeural PathwaysNeuronsSingle-Cell AnalysisAcetylcholine

Identifiers

PMID25417153
PMCPMC4243084

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.