Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25416765›Full record

ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015

Alternative fecal indicators and their empirical relationships with enteric viruses, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in surface waters of a tropical urban catchment.

L Liang, S G Goh, G G R V Vergara, H M Fang, S Rezaeinejad, S Y Chang, S Bayen, W A Lee, M D Sobsey, J B Rose and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

L LiangDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Singapore.
S G GohDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Singapore.
G G R V VergaraDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Singapore.
H M FangDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Singapore.
S RezaeinejadDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Singapore.
S Y ChangWater Quality Office, Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore.
S BayenSustainable Development and Water Alliance (SDWA), Singapore Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
W A LeeSustainable Development and Water Alliance (SDWA), Singapore.
M D SobseyDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
J B RoseWater Quality and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
K Y H GinDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Singapore NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), The National University of Singapore, Singapore ceeginyh@nus.edu.sg.
National University of Singapore · SGMcGill University · CAMichigan State University · USPublic Utilities Board · SGUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The suitability of traditional microbial indicators (i.e., Escherichia coli and enterococci) has been challenged due to the lack of correlation with pathogens and evidence of possible regrowth in the natural environment. In this study, the relationships between alternative microbial indicators of potential human fecal contamination (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Methanobrevibacter smithii, human polyomaviruses [HPyVs], and F+ and somatic coliphages) and pathogens (Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rotavirus, astrovirus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, and adenovirus) were compared with those of traditional microbial indicators, as well as environmental parameters (temperature, conductivity, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, total suspended solids, turbidity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus). Water samples were collected from surface waters of urban catchments in Singapore. Salmonella and P. aeruginosa had significant positive correlations with most of the microbial indicators, especially E. coli and enterococci. Norovirus GII showed moderately strong positive correlations with most of the microbial indicators, except for HPyVs and coliphages. In general, high geometric means and significant correlations between human-specific markers and pathogens suggest the possibility of sewage contamination in some areas. The simultaneous detection of human-specific markers (i.e., B. thetaiotaomicron, M. smithii, and HPyVs) with E. coli and enterococcus supports the likelihood of recent fecal contamination, since the human-specific markers are unable to regrow in natural surface waters. Multiple-linear-regression results further confirm that the inclusion of M. smithii and HPyVs, together with traditional indicators, would better predict the occurrence of pathogens. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of such models to different geographical locations and environmental conditions.

Indexed as

Quality Indicators, Health CareWater PollutionBacteriaFecesHumansSingaporeUrban PopulationViruses

Identifiers

PMID25416765
PMCPMC4292481
OpenAlexW2038339334

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.