ArticleACS nano2014
Turning erythrocytes into functional micromotors.
Article in ACS nano, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Cross-Species Implantable ATP Battery Inspired by Photosynthesis for Application in Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Magnetic Microrobots for Drug Delivery: A Review of Fabrication Materials, Structure Designs and Drug Delivery Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- CAMP: Closed-Loop Acoustic-Magnetic Propulsion of Microrobots for Precision Cell Manipulation.Advanced intelligent systems (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exosome-driven biohybrid nanorobots: bridging nature and nanotechnology in biomedical innovation.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Biotemplated Photocatalytic Micromotors for Effective Inhibition of Bacterial Growth.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Innovative Drug Transporters for Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Stimuli-responsive hybrid materials for 4DMaterials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Erythrocyte based achiral micromotors for localized therapeutic delivery.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Recent advances in microscale techniques for red blood cells manipulation.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Review
- Polymersome-based nanomotors: preparation, motion control, and biomedical applications.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Review
- Advancements in Micro/Nanorobots in Medicine: Design, Actuation, and Transformative Application.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Membrane-Coated Micro/Nanomotors in Biological Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- A Significant Prospective on Nanorobotics in Precision Medicine and Therapeutic Interventions.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Microrobots Powered by Multi-Physics Field for Biomedical and Environmental Applications.Micromachines · 2024Review
- A red blood cell-derived bionic microrobot capable of hierarchically adapting to five critical stages in systemic drug delivery.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Article
- Bio-Hybrid Magnetic Robots: From Bioengineering to Targeted Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- State of the Art in Actuation of Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedical Applications.Small science · 2024Article
- Acoustic Actuators for the Manipulation of Micro/Nanorobots: State-of-the-Art and Future Outlooks.Micromachines · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Attempts to apply artificial nano/micromotors for diverse biomedical applications have inspired a variety of strategies for designing motors with diverse propulsion mechanisms and functions. However, existing artificial motors are made exclusively of synthetic materials, which are subject to serious immune attack and clearance upon entering the bloodstream. Herein we report an elegant approach that turns natural red blood cells (RBCs) into functional micromotors with the aid of ultrasound propulsion and magnetic guidance. Iron oxide nanoparticles are loaded into the RBCs, where their asymmetric distribution within the cells results in a net magnetization, thus enabling magnetic alignment and guidance under acoustic propulsion. The RBC motors display efficient guided and prolonged propulsion in various biological fluids, including undiluted whole blood. The stability and functionality of the RBC motors, as well as the tolerability of regular RBCs to the ultrasound operation, are carefully examined. Since the RBC motors preserve the biological and structural features of regular RBCs, these motors possess a wide range of antigenic, transport, and mechanical properties that common synthetic motors cannot achieve and thus hold considerable promise for a number of practical biomedical uses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.