ArticleBMC family practice2014
Primary care treatment guidelines for skin infections in Europe: congruence with antimicrobial resistance found in commensal Staphylococcus aureus in the community.
Article in BMC family practice, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Ozenoxacin, a New Effective and Safe Topical Treatment for Impetigo in Children and Adolescents.Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Trial
- Mind the governance gap: a one health scoping review of national AMR performance indicators.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Infections in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and the Influence of Treatment.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Article
- Intolerable Burden of Impetigo in Endemic Settings: A Review of the Current State of Play and Future Directions for Alternative Treatments.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Calculated parenteral initial treatment of bacterial infections: Infections in the ear, nose, throat and mouth and jaw area.GMS infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Genomic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of nasal carriageSaudi journal of biological sciences · 2019Article
- Previous antibiotic exposure and antibiotic resistance of commensal Staphylococcus aureus in Spanish primary care.The European journal of general practice · 2018Article
- Six-Year Retrospective Review of Hospital Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin Infections from a Single Institution in Greece.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Distribution of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2017Article
- Cellulitis of the Knee in a 16-Month-Old Boy: A Case Report.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2016Article
- Multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus and their clinical implications.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2016Review
- Associations between the prevalence of influenza vaccination and patient's knowledge about antibiotics: a cross-sectional study in the framework of the APRES-project in Austria.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Prevalence and resistance patterns of commensal S. aureus in community-dwelling GP patients and socio-demographic associations. A cross-sectional study in the framework of the APRES-project in Austria.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Successful Treatment of ChronicCase reports in dermatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOver 90% of antibiotics for human use in Europe are prescribed in primary care. We assessed the congruence between primary care treatment guidelines for skin infections and commensal Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) antimicrobial resistance levels in community-dwelling persons.
methodsThe prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus was analysed by taking nose swabs from healthy primary care patients in nine European countries (total N = 32,032). Primary care treatment guidelines for bacterial skin infections were interpreted with respect to these antimicrobial resistance patterns. First- and second-choice recommendations were assessed and considered congruent if resistance to the antibiotic did not exceed 20%.
resultsWe included primary care treatment guidelines for impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis and furuncle. Treatment recommendations in all countries were consistent: most of the first-choice recommendations were beta-lactams, both for children and adults. Antimicrobial resistance levels were low, except for penicillin (on average 73% resistance). Considerable variation in antimicrobial resistance levels was found between countries, with Sweden displaying the lowest levels and Spain the highest. In some countries resistance to penicillin and azithromycin was significantly higher in children (4-17 years) compared with adults.
conclusionsMost of the first- and second-choice recommendations in the treatment guidelines for skin infections were congruent with commensal S. aureus antimicrobial resistance patterns in the community, except for two recommendations for penicillin. Given the variation in antimicrobial resistance levels between countries, age groups and health care settings, national data regarding antimicrobial resistance in the community should be taken into account when updating or developing primary care treatment guidelines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.