Trial reportVirologica Sinica2014
Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013.
Trial report in Virologica Sinica, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Travel-related respiratory symptoms and infections in travellers (2000-22): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Pooled it
- What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Extent and implications for infection control: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Comparison of viral respiratory pathogens circulation among Iranian pilgrims during two large religious mass gatherings: the Hajj and Arbaeen walk 2025.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Article
- Epidemiological patterns of general surgical emergencies during Hajj pilgrimage: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Speeding up respiratory diagnosis: clinical drivers, barriers, and system readiness for rapid molecular point-of-care testing in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Seasonal influenza surveillance and vaccination policies in the WHO South-East Asian Region.BMJ global health · 2025Review
- Detection of COVID-19 incidence among attendees of the 2022 Hajj season.IJID regions · 2024Article
- MERS-CoV seroconversion amongst Malaysian Hajj pilgrims returning from the Middle East, 2016-2018: results from the MERCURIAL multiyear prospective cohort study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, prospective and practice towards health related illness at Hajj and Umrah: A cross sectional study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is Not Circulating Among Hajj Pilgrims.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Epidemiological Differences in Hajj-Acquired Airborne Infections in Pilgrims Arriving from Low and Middle-Income versus High-Income Countries: A Systematised Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Impact of a Health Education Intervention on the Incidence of Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) During Hajj via Smartphone Application.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Syndromic surveillance of respiratory-tract infections and hand hygiene practice among pilgrims attended Hajj in 2021: a cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Genotypes of Human Rhinoviruses among Iranian Hajj Pilgrims with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection.Tanaffos · 2022Article
- Using video-analysis technology to estimate social mixing and simulate influenza transmission at a mass gathering.Epidemics · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the 'Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-CoV at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038 (11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49 (44%) were male and 35 (31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two (38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28 (25%) rhinovirus, 5 (4%) influenza A, 2 (2%) adenovirus, 2 (2%) human coronavirus OC43/229E, 2 (2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1 (1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2 (2%) dual infections. No MERS-CoV was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.