Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25409156›Full record

ArticleNature2015

RNA regulons in Hox 5' UTRs confer ribosome specificity to gene regulation.

Shifeng Xue, Siqi Tian, Kotaro Fujii, Wipapat Kladwang, Rhiju Das, Maria Barna

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
196citing papers in PubMed
13.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

196 citing papers in PubMed, 310 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  4. Review
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  7. Chinese cobra (Naja atra) SVPLACommunications biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Evaluating the reliability of tools for mRNA annotation and IRES studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Fluorescence-Based mRNA Translation Reporter.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Mechanisms of ribosomopathy and phase separation-related ribosomopathy.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Specialized ribosomes: integrating new insights and current challenges.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  20. Review

136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Shifeng Xue1] Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [3] Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
Siqi TianDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Kotaro Fujii1] Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Wipapat KladwangDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Rhiju Das1] Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Maria Barna1] Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Stanford University · US

Funding

Specialized ribosomes in control of gene expression and embryonic developmentDP2OD008509 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BARNA, MARIA · 2011 to 2011
$2.3M
Non-coding RNA Structure through a Mutate-and-Map StrategyR01GM102519 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DAS, RHIJU · 2012 to 2016
$1.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM102519NIH HHS 7DP2OD00850902NIH HHS DP2 OD008509
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that the ribosome has a regulatory function in directing how the genome is translated in time and space. However, how this regulation is encoded in the messenger RNA sequence remains largely unknown. Here we uncover unique RNA regulons embedded in homeobox (Hox) 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) that confer ribosome-mediated control of gene expression. These structured RNA elements, resembling viral internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), are found in subsets of Hox mRNAs. They facilitate ribosome recruitment and require the ribosomal protein RPL38 for their activity. Despite numerous layers of Hox gene regulation, these IRES elements are essential for converting Hox transcripts into proteins to pattern the mammalian body plan. This specialized mode of IRES-dependent translation is enabled by an additional regulatory element that we term the translation inhibitory element (TIE), which blocks cap-dependent translation of transcripts. Together, these data uncover a new paradigm for ribosome-mediated control of gene expression and organismal development.

Indexed as

5' Untranslated RegionsAnimalsBone and BonesCell LineConserved SequenceEvolution, MolecularGene Expression RegulationGenes, HomeoboxMiceMolecular Sequence DataProtein BiosynthesisRegulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic AcidRibosomal ProteinsRibosomesRNA CapsSubstrate Specificity5' Untranslated RegionsRegulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic AcidRibosomal ProteinsRNA CapsRPL38 protein, mouse

Identifiers

PMID25409156
PMCPMC4353651
OpenAlexW2079918544

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.